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Sustainable Land Management Learning from the Past for the Future

:	Selim Kapur, Hari Eswaran, Winfried E.H. Blum
:	Selim Kapur, Hari Eswaran, Winfried E.H. Blum
:	Sustainable Land Management Learning from the Past for the Future
:	Springer-Verlag
:	9783642147821
:	1
:	CHF 132.70
:

:	Ökologie
:	English

:	415
:	Wasserzeichen/DRM
:	PC/MAC/eReader/Tablet
:	PDF

Soil quality is threatened by many human-induced activities, but can also be improved by good land management. In the relatively short history of mankind on earth, the landscape and soils of the world have been drastically modified from their 'natural ' state. Landscapes altered by man's activities are termed 'Anthroscapes' which are inextricably linked to culture and history. The challenges for today's scientists are to devise and implement sustainable land management strategies in order to preserve the land for the benefit of future generations. This book is a valuable compendium of the research experiences so far gained in studies of the context and concept of the 'Anthroscape' and highlights the potential future contributions of such research to sustainable development.

	Dedicated to the Dear Memory of Prof. Dr. Cemil Cangir (1946-2010)	6
	Preface	8
	Contents	10
	Contributors	12
	The Anthroscape Approach in Sustainable Land Use	18
	1 Introduction	19
	2 Materials and Methods	22
	2.1 The Study Area	22
	2.2 Driving Forces and Impacts of Misuse	26
	2.3 Socio-Economy	27
	2.4 Migration	27
	2.5 Fragmentation	36
	2.6 Natural Resources	37
	2.7 Environmental Problems (Improper: - Land/Soil, and Water Use and - Crop Selection and Animal Production)	37
	2.8 Quantification of the Anthroscape	43
	2.9 Quantification of the Carbon by NPP at the ALQCs	55
	3 Results	58
	4 Conclusion	60
	References	65
	Anthroscapes in the Light of the EU Soil Thematic Strategy	68
	1 Introduction	68
	2 The Importance of Anthroscapes Within the Soil Thematic Strategy	69
	3 Some Relevant Anthroscapes in Europe	71
	4 Conclusions	72
	References	73
	Soil Erosion-Desertification and the Middle Eastern Anthroscapes	74
	1 Introduction	75
	2 Materials and Methods	77
	2.1 Materials	77
	2.1.1 The Study Watersheds-Features, Land Use, Management and Monitoring Objectives	77
	2.1.2 The Yatir Forest (Israel): Afforestation of a Semiarid Rangeland	77
	2.1.3 Humret Es-Sahin Watershed (Jordan): Rangelands Rehabilitation over an Aridity Gradient	78
	2.1.4 Southern Hebron Highlands (Palestinian National Authority): Promotion of Agro-Pastoral Systems Along an Aridity Gradient	80
	2.1.5 Kzlöz Microcatchment (Turkey): Rehabilitation of Sylvi-Agro-Pastoral Watershed	81
	2.1.6 Summary of Watersheds´ Features, Land Use, Management and Research Objectives	82
	2.2 Methods	83
	2.2.1 Precipitation	83
	2.2.2 Runoff and Sediment	83
	2.2.3 Soil-Erosion, Properties and Moisture	84
	2.2.4 Vegetation	85
	2.2.5 Trees	85
	2.2.6 Non-woody (Herbaceous) Natural Vegetation	86
	3 Results	87
	3.1 Precipitation Features	88
	3.2 Rainfall, Throughfall and Stemflow	88
	3.3 Runoff and Sediment Discharge at the Watershed Scale	89
	3.4 Relations Between Runoff and Rainfall	89
	3.5 Relations Between Suspended Sediment and Runoff	91
	3.6 Sediment Discharge in Relation to Watershed Management	94
	3.7 Soil Erosion Through Gullying in Relations to Watershed Management	96
	3.8 Watershed Processes at the Local Scale	96
	3.9 Rainfall, Runoff and Sediment Deposition	97
	3.10 Soil Cover, Runoff and Erosion	98
	3.11 Soil Moisture Response to Soil Conservation Measures	99
	3.12 The Effect of Afforestation on Soil Moisture	110
	3.13 Soil Cover, Runoff, Soil Organic Matter and Soil Moisture	115
	3.14 Vegetation	117
	3.15 Trees	118
	3.16 Non-woody Vegetation	120
	3.17 Aggregate Measures of Vegetation Cover	120
	3.18 Community Measures	127
	4 Discussion and Conclusions	136
	References	140
	Soils of the Mediterranean Region, Their Characteristics, Management and Sustainable Use	142
	1 Introduction	143
	2 Description of Major Soils	144
	2.1 Histosols	145
	2.2 Anthrosols	146
	2.3 Leptosols	147
	2.4 Vertisols	148
	2.5 Fluvisols	149
	2.6 Gleysols, Solonchaks and Solonetz	149
	2.7 Andosols	151
	2.8 Kastanozems and Phaeozems	151
	2.9 Umbrisols	151
	2.10 Gypsisols, Durisols and Calcisols	152
	2.11 Luvisols	154
	2.12 Arenosols	154
	2.13 Cambisols	155
	2.14 Regosols	155
	3 Soil Degradation and Soil Protection in the Mediterranean	156
	4 Conclusions	157
	References	158
	Mountain Anthroscapes, the Case of the Italian Alps	160
	1 Introduction	160
	2 Negative Human Impacts Creating/Reshaping Anthroscapes	162
	2.1 The Impacts of Winter Resorts: the Case of Ski Slides and Ski-Lift Facilities	162
	2.2 The Mountain Off-Roading: A Growing Environmental Problem	164
	2.3 Mining Dumps	166
	2.4 Industrial and Civil Settlements Along Riversides and Valley Floors	166
	2.5 Stone Quarrying	168
	2.6 Waste Disposal in Mountain Areas	169
	3 Positive Human Impacts and Inheritances Creating Anthroscapes	170
	3.1 Mountain Terracing	170
	3.2 Archaeological Imprints: From Palaeolithic to the Roman Ages and More	172
	3.3 Pastureland, Overgrazing, Forestry	174
	4 Conclusions	175
	References	177
	Development and Challenges of the Anthroscapes in the Clay Soil District of Eastern Norway	179
	1 Introduction	179
	1.1 Development and Characteristics of the Landscape Region Clay Soil District in Eastern Norway	181
	1.2 Land Use and Land Management	185
	1.3 Knowledge About Anthroscapes and the Implementation of a More Sustainable Land Management	193
	References	194
	Anthroscapes and Anthropogenic Soils in North-Western Sardinia: The Soils with Calcrete Horizon in the Alghero Area (Italy)	195
	1 Introduction	195
	1.1 Anthrosols and Anthroscapes	195
	1.2 Calcrete Pedogenesis and Calcium Carbonate Accumulation in Soils	196
	2 The Study Area and its Land Use	198
	2.1 The Reclamation Interventions	200
	3 The Original Soils and the Anthropogenic Soils	201
	4 Conclusions	206
	References	207
	Stimulated Soil Formation in a Degraded Anthroscape: A Case Study in Southeast Spain	208
	1 Introduction	209
	2 Materials and Methods	209
	2.1 Study Area and Addition of Amendments	209
	2.2 In Situ Characterization of Mine Tailings by Electrical Resistivity Measurement	210
	2.3 Chemical and Mineral Characterization	211
	2.4 Micromorpholog