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Working with Ferns Issues and Applications

:	Ashwani Kumar, Helena Fernández, Maria Angeles Revilla
:	Helena Fernández, Ashwani Kumar, Angeles Revilla
:	Working with Ferns Issues and Applications
:	Springer-Verlag
:	9781441971623
:	1
:	CHF 208.10
:

:	Botanik
:	English

:	386
:	Wasserzeichen/DRM
:	PC/MAC/eReader/Tablet
:	PDF

This well timed volume features a selection of chapters composed by experts in their respective fields. It covers a broad range of topics, from its fundamental biology to the fern's population genetics and environmental and therapeutic applications.

Ashwani Kumar Professor, Department of Botany, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur. The author's repertoire of published works spreads across 150 research articles in various national and international journals. He has an experience of over three decades in his field of research, namely, tissue culture and biochemistry, being awarded with prestigeous V. Puri Medal in 2008 for his services to advancement of Botany. Helena Fernández Associate Professor, Department of Biology of Organisms and Systems, Oviedo University, Spain. Her research focuses on micropropagation and reproduction in ferns during the two last decades. In 2002 she obtained the award 'Ramón y Cajal' by The Ministry of Science and Technology, being engaged to the Oviedo University as tenurer, full time, in the Area of Plant Physiology since then. M. Angeles Revilla Plant Physioloy Assistant Professor in the Biology Faculty at the Oviedo University (Spain) since 1987. Twenty years experience in plant tissue culture. She has also worked in cryopreservation and genetic stability for the last ten years, mainly in the development of protocols for in vitro shoot apices in agronomic species.

	Preface	6
	Preface	8
	About the Book	10
	Contents	12
	Contributors	16
	Chapter 1: Introduction	22
	References	29
	Part I:Contribution of Ferns to Understanding of Plant Development	30
	Chapter 2: Cellular, Molecular, and Genetic Changes During the Development of Ceratopteris richardii Gametophytes	31
	2.1 Introduction	31
	2.2 Regulation of Differentiation in Multicellular Gametophytes	32
	2.3 Genes and Genomic Studies of C. richardii Spores	35
	2.4 Spores as a Tool for the Study of Cellular Gravity Response	37
	2.5 Resources Available and on the Horizon for Use in C. richardii Research	41
	References	42
	Chapter 3: Laboratory-Induced Apogamy and Apospory in Ceratopteris richardii	45
	3.1 Introduction	45
	3.2 Alternation of Generations	45
	3.3 Apogamy and Apospory in Ferns	48
	3.4 Comparison of Apogamy and Apospory in Ferns with Apomixis in Angiosperms	49
	3.5 Induction of Apogamy and Apospory in C. richardii	52
	References	54
	Chapter 4: Sexual Reproduction in Ferns	57
	4.1 Introduction	57
	4.2 Looking for New Experimental Systems	58
	4.3 Sexual Reproduction in Pteridophyta	59
	4.3.1 Antheridiogens	59
	4.3.2 Plant Growth Regulators and Sex Determination in Blechnum spicant L	60
	4.4 New Tools to Study the Molecular Basis of Sex Determination	62
	4.5 Sexuality in the Laboratory and in Nature	65
	References	66
	Chapter 5: Gibberellic Acid and Ethylene Control Male Sex Determination and Development of Anemia phyllitidis Gametophytes	69
	5.1 Main Aspects of A. phyllitidis Gametophyte Development	69
	5.2 Spore Germination, Growth, and Differentiation of A. phyllitidis Gametophytes	71
	5.3 The Antheridiogens – Epigenetic Aspects of Development of A. phyllitidis Gametophytes	73
	5.4 Precocious, GA3-induced, Antheridia Formation and the “Three-zonal Model” of Structure and Function in Development of A. phyllitidisGametophytes	74
	5.5 ACCF and DDG Disturb GA3-Induced Antheridiogenesis and Development of A. phyllitidis Gametophytes	75
	5.6 How Does Ethylene Participate in Development and Male Sex Determination in A. phyllitidis gametophytes?	76
	5.7 Regulation of Antheridia Formation	77
	5.8 Regulation of Cell Growth and Cell Division Cycleduring GA3-induced Antheridiogenesis	77
	5.9 A. phyllitidis Gametophytes Produce ACC	80
	5.10 Main Aspects of Antheridiogenesis	80
	References	83
	Chapter 6: The Sporophytes of Seed-Free Vascular Plants – Major Vegetative Developmental Features and Molecular Genetic Pathways	86
	6.1 Introduction	86
	6.2 Six Sporophyte Body Plans	88
	6.3 Embryogeny	91
	6.4 Apical Meristem Structure	93
	6.5 Branching	94
	6.6 Radial Patterning of Sporophyte Axes	96
	6.7 Leaf Development	98
	6.8 Developmental Genes	101
	6.8.1 KNOX and ARP Genes	103
	6.8.2 HD-ZIP Genes	105
	6.8.3 MIKC-type MADS-box Genes	106
	6.8.4 AP2 and ANT Genes	107
	6.8.5 FLORICAULA/LEAFY	107
	6.8.6 Other Genes	107
	6.8.7 MicroRNA Regulation of Genes	108
	6.9 Conclusion	109
	References	110
	Part II:Propagation, Conservation and Control of Genetic Variability in Ferns	114
	Chapter 7: From Spore to Sporophyte: How to Proceed In Vitro	115
	7.1 Introduction	115
	7.2 Spore Culture	116
	7.3 Gametophyte Culture: Nutritional and Environmental Conditions	119
	7.4 Gametophyte Multiplication	120
	7.4.1 By Natural Means	120
	7.4.2 Homogenised Cultures	120
	7.5 Sporophyte Formation	121
	7.5.1 Sexual Reproduction	121
	7.5.2 Apogamy	122
	7.6 Sporophyte Multiplication	122
	References	125
	Chapter 8: In Vitro Regeneration Systems of Platycerium	129
	8.1 Introduction	129
	8.2 In Vitro Regeneration Systems of Sporophytic Tissue	131
	8.2.1 Direct Shoot Organogenesis	132
	8.2.1.1 Shoot and Rhizome Culture	132
	8.2.1.2 Leaf Culture	134
	8.2.1.3 Culture of Bud Scales	135
	8.2.1.4 Homogenization of Sporophytes	137
	8.2.2 Indirect Shoot Organogenesis	137
	8.2.3 Apospory and Apogamy	138
	8.3 In Vitro Cultures of Platycerium in Developmental and Physiological Studies	139
	8.4 Conclusion	140
	References	141
	Chapter 9: Stipule Propagation in Five Marattioid Species Native to Taiwan (Marattiaceae	Pteridophyte)144
	9.1 Introduction	144
	9.2 Materials and Methods	145
	9.3 Results	146
	9.4 Discussion	149
	References	151
	Chapter 10: Tree Ferns Biotechnology: From Spores to Sporophytes	152
	10.1 Introduction	152
	10.2 Media Most Often Used	154
	10.3 Plant Growth Hormones	155
	10.4 Origin of Spore	155
	10.5 Spore Sterilization	155
	10.6 Spore Germination	156
	10.7 Gametophyte Growth and Development	157
	10.8 Gametophyte Multiplication	158
	10.9 Sexual Determination of Gametophyte	159
	10.10 Sporophyte Production	160
	10.11 Conclusion	161
	References	162
	Chapter 11: In Vitro Propagation of Rare and Endangered Serpentine Fern Species	165
	11.1 Introduction	165
	11.2 Materials and Methods	166
	11.2.1 Initiation of Culture	166
	11.2.2 Growth of Gametophytes	167
	11.2.3 Gene Bank of Prothalli	167
	11.2.4 Culture of Sporophytes	168
	11.2.5 Regeneration of Shoot Buds	168
	11.2.6 Acclimation of Plants Ex Vitro	168
	11.2.7 Measurements of Stomata Cells and Spores Size	168
	11.3 Results and Discussion	169
	11.3.1 Sporophyte Formation	173
	11.3.2 Sporophytes Multiplication	173
	11.3.3 Regeneration from Sporophytes	175
	11.3.4 Plant Preparation Before Transfer to Greenhouse	176
	11.3.5 Comparison of Plants from Natural Stands and Originated In Vitro	177
	References	179
	Chapter 12: Conservation of Fern Spores	181
	12.1 Introduction	181<