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Human and Nature Minding Automation An Overview of Concepts, Methods, Tools and Applications

:	Spyros G. Tzafestas
:	Human and Nature Minding Automation An Overview of Concepts, Methods, Tools and Applications
:	Springer-Verlag
:	9789048135622
:	1
:	CHF 133.60
:

:	Elektronik, Elektrotechnik, Nachrichtentechnik
:	English

:	346
:	Wasserzeichen
:	PC/MAC/eReader/Tablet
:	PDF

Man is the best thing in the World. Nature does nothing uselessly. Aristotle There is a pleasure in the pathless woods, There is rapture on the lonely shore, There is society, where none intrudes, By the deep sea, and music in its roar: I love not Man the less, but Nature more. John Burroughs The basic purpose of development is to enlarge people's choices. The objective of development is to create an enabling environment for people to enjoy long, healthy and creative lives. Mahbub ul Hag Founder of the Human Development Report Theaimofthisbookis toprovidea compiledset ofconcepts,principles,methods and issues used for studying, designing and operating human-minding and natu- minding automation and industrial systems. The depth of presentation is suf?cient for the reader to understand the problems involved and the solution approaches, and appreciate the need of human-automation cooperative interaction, and the - portance of the efforts required for environment and ecosystem protection during any technological and development process in the society. Humans and technology are living and have to live together in a sustainable society and nature. Humans must not be viewed as components of automation and technology in the same way as machines. Automation and technology must incorporate the humans' needs and preferences, and radiate 'beauty' in all ways, namely functionally, technically and humanistically. In overall, automation and technology should create comfort and give pleasure.

Spyros G. Tzafestas received the B.Sc. in Physics (1963) and Graduate Diploma in Electronics (1965) from Athens University, Diploma of Electrical Engineering, from Imperial College (1967), M.Sc. (Eng.) in Control from London University (1967) and Ph.D. in Systems and Control from Southampton University, England (1969). From 1969 to 1973 he was Research Leader at the Computer Science Division of the Nuclear Research Center 'Demokritos', Athens. From 1973 to 1984 he was Professor of Automatic Control at the University of Patras, and from 1985 to 2006 he was Professor of Control and Robotics at the National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), Greece. Temporary visiting teaching and / or research positions include : University of Calabria, Italy (1985, 1987), University of Delft, The Netherlands (1991) and MIT, USA (1992). He is currently Director of the Institute of Communication and Control Systems, and as a Professor Emeritus he is leading the Intelligent Automation Systems Research Group engaged with research carried out in ICCS-NTUA mainly in the framework of national and European projects.

Dr Tzafestas is the Recipient of D.Sc. of Southampton University (1978), and Honorary Doctorates of the Technical University of Munich (Dr.-Ing. E.h., 1997) and the Ecole Centrale de Lille (Dr. Ing.-Honoris Causa, 2003). He has published 30 edited research books, 60 book chapters and over 700 Journal and Conference technical papers in the field of control, robotics and Intelligent Systems. He has been the coordinator of national and EU projects in the fields of IT, Intelligent systems, robotics, control and CIM. He is an associate editor of 15 Journals, and he was the Editor - in - Chief of the Journal of Intelligent and Robotic Systems (1988-2006) and of the Book Series 'Micro processor - Based and Intelligent Systems Engineering, Kluwer (1993-2006). Presently, he is the Editor of the Springer book series on Intelligent Control and Automation Systems.

He is a Fellow of IEE, now IET (London), a Life Fellow of IEEE (New York) and a Member of ASME, NYAS and the Hellenic Technical Chamber (TEE). He received the Greek Society of Writers' Award and the Ktesibios Award from the IEEE Mediterranean Control Association (2001). Dr Tzafestas has over the years organized and / or chaired several international conferences (IEEE, IMACS, SIRES, IASTED, EUCA).

	Human and Nature	366
	Human and Nature	366
	1	366
	Dedication	366
	5	366
	1 Automation, Humans, Nature, and Development	19
	1.1 Introduction	19
	1.2 The Field of Automation	20
	1.3 Brief History of Control and Automation	21
	1.4 The Principle of Feedback	23
	1.4.1 Some Examples	24
	1.5 The Humans in Automation	27
	1.6 Automation in the Nature	28
	1.7 Social Issues of Automation	29
	1.7.1 Training and Education	30
	1.7.2 Unemployment	30
	1.7.3 Quality of Working Conditions	30
	1.7.4 Productivity and Capital Formation	31
	1.7.5 Advantages	31
	1.7.6 Disadvantages	32
	1.8 Human Development and Modernization	32
	1.8.1 Human Development Components	33
	1.8.2 Modernization	34
	1.8.3 Human Development Index	36
	1.8.4 Life Expectancy, Literacy and Standard of Living	37
	1.8.5 Human Development Report	38
	2 Human Factors in Automation (I): Building Blocks, Scope, and a First Set of Factors	40
	2.1 Introduction	40
	2.2 The Human Factors Field: Building Blocks and Scope	41
	2.2.1 Building Blocks	41
	2.2.2 The Human Features	42
	2.2.3 Human–Automation Relation	42
	2.2.4 Automation	42
	2.2.5 Goals and Scope of the Human Factors Field	43
	2.3 Human Factors in Automation System Design and Development	44
	2.3.1 General Issues	44
	2.3.2 Developmental Elements	45
	2.3.3 System Development Concepts	46
	2.4 The Workload Factor in Automation	47
	2.5 Three Key Human Factors in Automation	48
	2.5.1 Allocation of Function	48
	2.5.2 Stimulus–Response Compatibility	49
	2.5.3 Internal Model of the Operator	49
	2.6 The Operator Reliance Factor	50
	3 Human Factors in Automation (II): Psychological, Physical Strength, Human Error and Human Values Factors	52
	3.1 Introduction	52
	3.2 Psychological Factors	53
	3.2.1 Job Satisfaction	53
	3.2.2 Job Stress	54
	3.2.3 A Psychosocial Stress Model	55
	3.3 Physical Strength	55
	3.4 Human Bias	56
	3.5 Human Error	57
	3.5.1 Skill-Based Error-Shaping Factors	59
	3.5.2 Rule-Based Error-Shaping Factors	59
	3.5.3 Knowledge-Based Error Shaping Factors	59
	3.6 Human Values and Human Rights	60
	4 Human–Machine Interaction in Automation (I): Basic Concepts and Devices	64
	4.1 Introduction	64
	4.2 Applications of Human–Machine Interactive Systems	65
	4.3 Methodologies for the Design of Human–Machine Interaction Systems	67
	4.4 Keys and Keyboards	68
	4.4.1 Keyboard Layout	68
	4.5 Pointing Devices	70
	4.5.1 Touch Screens	70
	4.5.2 Light Pens	71
	4.5.3 Graphic Tablets	71
	4.5.4 Track Balls	71
	4.5.5 Mouse	72
	4.5.6 Joysticks	72
	4.5.7 Selection of the Input Device	72
	4.6 Screen Design	73
	4.6.1 Screen Density Reduction Methods	74
	4.6.2 Information Grouping and Highlighting	74
	4.6.3 Spatial Relationships Among Screen Elements	75
	4.7 Work Station Design	75
	4.7.1 Physical Layout Factors	76
	4.7.2 Work Method Factors	76
	4.7.3 Video Display Terminal Factors	77
	5 Human–Machine Interaction in Automation (II): Advanced Concepts and Interfaces	78
	5.1 Introduction	78
	5.2 Graphical User Interfaces	79
	5.2.1 General Issues	79
	5.2.2 Design Components of Graphical Interfaces	80
	5.2.3 Windowing Systems	80
	5.2.4 Components of Windowing Systems	81
	5.3 Types and Design Features of Visual Displays	82
	5.3.1 Visual Display Types	82
	5.3.2 Further Design Features of Visual Displays	83
	5.4 Intelligent Human–Machine Interfaces	85
	5.5 Natural Language Human–Machine Interfaces	88
	5.6 Multi-Modal Human–Machine Interfaces	89
	5.7 Graphical Interfaces for Knowledge-Based Systems	91
	5.7.1 End-User Interfaces	92
	5.7.2 Graphical Interfaces for the Knowledge Engineer	92
	5.8 Force Sensing Tactile Based Human–Machine Interfaces