| Preface | 7 |
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| Acknowledgements | 9 |
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| Chapter 1 | 24 |
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| The Politics of the New History School Textbooks in the Russian Federation | 24 |
| 1.1 History and Historical Consciousness | 24 |
| 1.2 The New Generation of History Textbooks in Russia | 25 |
| 1.3 New Narratives in History School Texts | 28 |
| 1.3.1 Grades 10 and 10 History School Textbooks | 28 |
| 1.3.2 Grade 9 History Textbooks | 30 |
| 1.3.3 The Storming of the Parliament House: 4 October 1993 | 33 |
| 1.4 A New Historical Critical Consciousness | 33 |
| 1.5 Conclusion | 35 |
| References | 36 |
| Contents | 11 |
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| Chapter 2 | 39 |
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| Constructing the Australian School History Curriculum: Ideology, High Politics and the History Wars in the Howard Years | 39 |
| 2.1 Background to Policy and History Curriculum | 39 |
| 2.2 Ideology and School History | 40 |
| 2.3 The Australian Initiative for National Curriculum | 41 |
| 2.3.1 A Narrative Memoir | 42 |
| 2.4 The History Summit: August 2006 | 43 |
| 2.5 Responses to the Australian National History Curriculum Summit | 47 |
| 2.6 The Australian National History Curriculum Summit | 48 |
| 2.7 Re-inventing School History: Losing the Plot? | 49 |
| 2.8 After the Summit | 50 |
| 2.9 The School History Working Party | 51 |
| 2.10 The School History Curriculum Reference Group: The Blainey Panel | 52 |
| 2.11 The Prime Minister s Guide to the Teaching of Australian History in Schools | 53 |
| 2.12 What Had Happened to Policy Reform in Australian History? | 54 |
| 2.13 Conclusion | 56 |
| References | 56 |
| Chapter 3 | 58 |
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| Teachers, History Wars and Teaching History Grade 6 in Greece | 58 |
| 3.1 History Wars in Greece: Introduction | 58 |
| 3.2 The Nature of Greek Education and the Pedagogical Institute | 59 |
| 3.3 Exorcising Church Secret Schools and Demons | 60 |
| 3.4 Promoting Geo-Political Stability in the Balkans by Challenging Traditional School Representations of the Turkish Bogy | 62 |
| 3.5 A Victory of Ethonationalism? | 64 |
| 3.6 Introducing a New Teaching Methodological Style Based on Critical Inquiry | 64 |
| 3.7 Conclusion | 65 |
| References | 66 |
| Chapter 4 | 68 |
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| Why Educational Reforms Fail: The Emergence and Failure of an Educational Reform: A Case Study from Israel | 68 |
| 4.1 Education Reforms: Introduction | 68 |
| 4.2 Theoretical Framework for Analysing Education Reforms | 69 |
| 4.2.1 The Equilibrium Paradigm | 69 |
| 4.2.2 The Conflict Paradigm | 70 |
| 4.2.3 Alternative Explanations for Failure of Educational Policies/Reforms | 70 |
| 4.3 Background to Understanding Politico-Economic Impetus for Education Reforms | 72 |
| 4.4 The Emergence and Failure of the 2005 Educational Reform | 75 |
| 4.5 Discussion | 77 |
| 4.6 Conclusions | 79 |
| References | 79 |
| Chapter 5 | 82 |
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| Japanese National Curriculum Standards Reform: Integrated Study and Its Challenges | 82 |
| 5.1 Japanese National Curriculum Standards Reform | 82 |
| 5.2 Data Sources | 83 |
| 5.3 Curriculum Reform | 84 |
| 5.4 The Period for Integrated Study | 84 |
| 5.5 Challenges in Implementation | 85 |
| 5.5.1 Student Learning | 85 |
| 5.5.2 Teacher Teaching | 89 |
| 5.6 Discussion | 90 |
| 5.7 Conclusion | 93 |
| References | 94 |
| Chapter 6 | 97 |
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| Implementation of Education Reform Policies: The Issue of Structural and Cultural Discordance | 97 |
| 6.1 Education Reforms in Malaysia: Introduction | 97 |
| 6.2 Shaping of the Research Question | 98 |
| 6.3 Theoretical Framework | 99 |
| 6.4 Analysis of the Education System in Malaysia | 99 |
| 6.5 Evaluation | 101 |
| 6.6 Conclusion | 102 |
| References | 103 |
| Chapter 7 | 105 |
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| Education in China: The Urban/Rural Disparity Explained | 105 |
| 7.1 Human Development or Human Capital: Which for Rural China? | 108 |
| 7.2 China s Context of Disparities Explained | 112 |
| 7.2.1 Disparity of Access and Participation | 112 |
| 7.2.2 Disparity in Teacher Quality | 115 |
| 7.2.3 Disparity of Resource Quality | 120 |
| 7.3 Disparity in Curriculum Relevance: Chinese Curriculum History | 121 |
| 7.3.1 Recent Curriculum Changes | 123 |
| 7.3.2 Religious Curriculum | 125 |
| 7.4 Suggestions for Change | 125 |
| 7.5 Conclusion | 128 |
| References | 128 |
| Chapter 8 | 130 |
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| The Academic Achievement Gap in Israel: Inequality in Education | 130 |
| 8.1 Educational Achievement in Israel | 130 |
| 8.2 Problematic Issue: Deferring Achievement Distribution |