| Efficient Test Methodologiesfor High-Speed Serial Links | 1 |
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| 1 Introduction | 11 |
| 1.1 Overview of High-Speed Serial Links | 11 |
| 1.1.1 High-Speed Serial Link System | 11 |
| 1.1.2 Testing High-Speed Serial Links | 12 |
| 1.2 Challenges in Testing High-Speed Serial Links | 13 |
| 1.3 Contributions of the Dissertation | 14 |
| 2 An Efficient Jitter Measurement Technique | 16 |
| 2.1 Comparator Undersampling Technique | 16 |
| 2.2 Random Jitter Measurement | 18 |
| 2.2.1 Proposed RJ Measurement Technique | 19 |
| 2.2.2 Limitations of the Technique | 21 |
| 2.3 Experimental Results | 22 |
| 2.3.1 Simulation Results | 23 |
| 2.3.1.1 Simulation: Case 1 | 23 |
| 2.3.1.2 Simulation: Case 2 | 23 |
| 2.3.1.3 Simulation: Case 3 | 24 |
| 2.3.2 Measurement Results | 25 |
| 2.3.2.1 Experiment: Case 1 | 25 |
| 2.3.2.2 Experiment: Case 2 | 26 |
| 2.4 Summary | 27 |
| 3 BER Estimation for Linear Clock and Data Recovery Circuit | 28 |
| 3.1 BER Analysis with Random Jitter | 29 |
| 3.1.1 Error Occurrences | 29 |
| 3.1.2 BER Estimation with Random Jitter | 29 |
| 3.2 BER Analysis with Random Jitter and Periodic Jitter | 31 |
| 3.2.1 Jitter Transfer Characteristics of a CDR Circuit | 32 |
| 3.2.2 BER Estimation with RJ and PJ | 34 |
| 3.2.2.1 Dual-Dirac Model and Its Modification | 34 |
| 3.2.2.2 BER Estimation Taking into Account Clock Recovery Function | 35 |
| 3.3 BER Analysis Including Intrinsic Noise in the CDR Circuit | 41 |
| 3.4 Experimental Results | 43 |
| 3.4.1 Simulation Results | 43 |
| 3.4.2 Hardware Validation Results | 44 |
| 3.4.2.1 Jitter Transfer Characteristics | 45 |
| 3.4.2.2 BER Measurement Results | 47 |
| 3.5 Summary and Future Work | 49 |
| 4 BER Estimation for Non-linear Clock and Data Recovery Circuit | 50 |
| 4.1 Jitter Analysis for BB CDR Circuits | 50 |
| 4.1.1 Jitter Transfer Analysis | 51 |
| 4.1.2 Jitter Tolerance Analysis | 54 |
| 4.2 BER Estimation | 54 |
| 4.2.1 Variation of Jitter Transfer Due to RJ | 55 |
| 4.2.2 BER Estimation | 57 |
| 4.3 Experimental Setup and Results | 58 |
| 4.3.1 Simulation Setup | 58 |
| 4.3.2 Simulation Results | 59 |
| 4.4 Summary | 60 |
| 5 Gaps in Timing Margining Test | 61 |
| 5.1 Timing Margining Test Basics | 61 |
| 5.2 Gap Analysis in Timing Margining Test | 62 |
| 5.2.1 Random Jitter | 63 |
| 5.2.2 PLL-Based Clock Recovery with Non-linear Phase Detector | 64 |
| 5.2.3 Jitter Amplification | 67 |
| 5.2.4 Duty Cycle Distortion in Clock | 69 |
| 5.3 Summary and Future Work | 71 |
| 6 An Accurate Jitter Estimation Technique | 73 |
| 6.1 Characteristics of DJ | 73 |
| 6.1.1 ISI-Induced Jitter | 74 |
| 6.1.2 Crosstalk-Induced Jitter | 74 |
| 6.2 Total Jitter Estimation | 76 |
| 6.2.1 Estimation Based on Dual-Dirac Model | 76 |
| 6.2.2 High-Order Polynomial Fitting | 79 |
| 6.2.3 Accuracy Versus Number of Samples for Fitting | 79 |
| 6.3 Summary | 80 |
| 7 A Two-Tone Test Method for Continuous-Time Adaptive Equalizers | 82 |
| 7.1 Continuous-Time Adaptive Equalizer | 83 |
| 7.2 Proposed Two-Tone Test Method | 85 |
| 7.2.1 Description of the Test Method | 85 |
| 7.2.2 Implementation of the Test Method | 86 |
| 7.3 Experimental Results | 89 |
| 7.3.1 MATLAB Simulation Results | 89 |
| 7.3.2 Transistor-Level Simulation Results | 91 |
| 7.4 Summary and Future Work | 92 |
| 8 Conclusions | 95 |
| A Extracting Effective PJ and RJ Components from Jitter Histogram | 97 |
| References | 100 |