ebook ebooks e-book e-books downloaden bei MyEbooks.ch downloaden

Hydrological Processes of the Danube River Basin Perspectives from the Danubian Countries

:	Mitja Brilly
:	Mitja Brilly
:	Hydrological Processes of the Danube River Basin Perspectives from the Danubian Countries
:	Springer-Verlag
:	9789048134236
:	1
:	CHF 135.70
:

:	Sonstiges
:	English

:	436
:	Wasserzeichen
:	PC/MAC/eReader/Tablet
:	PDF

The Danube River Basin is shared by 19 countries and there is no river basin in the world shared by so many nations. Europe's second largest river basin with a total 2 area of about 800,000 km is also home to 83 million people of different cultures, languages and historical backgrounds. Management of common water sources and overcoming dif?culties caused by droughts and ?oods requires co-operation between the countries. In 1971 these c- mon interests stimulated the hydrologists of - at that time - eight Danube countries to begin regional co- operation in the framework of the International Hydrological Decade of UNESCO. The result of this research was The Hydrological Monograph of the Danube and its Catchment, which was published in 1986. Since 1975 this co-operation has continued under the umbrella of the International Hydrological Programme (IHP) of UNESCO. In the past 20 years political turbulence has caused an increase in the number of countries, making the co-operation dif?cult at times.

	Preface	4
	Acknowledgements	5
	Contents	6
	Contributors	8
	Editorial Board	10
	1 History and Results of the Hydrological Co-operation of the Countries Sharing the Danube Catchment (1971--2008)	12
	1.1 The Danube River and Its Catchment	12
	1.2 The Countries Sharing the Danube Catchment	13
	1.3 Beginnings of Hydrological Co-operation in the Danube Catchment	16
	1.4 First Phase of the Danubian Co-operation (1974--1986): Publication of the Danube Monograph	17
	1.5 The	17
	1.5 The	17
	22	17
	1.6 Further Phases of Co-operation After 1987	23
	1.7 The Future of the Hydrological Co-operation of the Danube Countries	24
	References	32
	2 The Danube River and its Basin Physical Characteristics, Water Regime and Water Balance	35
	2.1 Introduction	42
	2.2 Physical, Geographical and Water Management Characteristics of the Danube River Basin	43
	2.2.1 Layout and Subdivision of the Basin	43
	2.2.1.1 The Upper Danube Region	44
	2.2.1.2 The Middle Danube Region	45
	2.2.1.3 The Lower Danube Region	45
	2.2.2 Geological Structure and Geomorphologic Conditions	45
	2.2.3 Soils	47
	2.2.4 Climate	48
	2.2.4.1 Rainfall	48
	2.2.4.2 Snow	49
	2.2.4.3 Temperature	49
	2.2.4.4 Evaporation	49
	2.2.5 Vegetation and Land Use	50
	2.2.6 Lakes	50
	2.2.7 River Construction and Water Engineering	51
	2.3 Water Regime of the River Danube and Its Most Important Tributaries	55
	2.3.1 General	55
	2.3.2 Comparison of the Main Discharges Between the Periods 1931--1970 and 1931--1990	56
	2.3.3 Trend of Annual and Seasonal Series of Mean Discharges and Precipitation	56
	2.3.4 Mean Monthly Discharges of an Observation Period	56
	2.3.5 Estimation of Flood Extremes	61
	2.4 Long-Term Hydrological Balances of Subcatchments and Partial National Areas in the Danube Catchment for the Period 1931--1970	64
	2.4.1 Introductory Remarks	64
	2.4.2 A Concise Description of the Working Procedure Adopted	65
	2.4.3 Assessment of Isoline Maps of Balance Elements	66
	2.4.4 Determination of Balance Areas	67
	2.4.4.1 Subcatchments	67
	2.4.4.2 Partial National Areas	68
	2.4.4.3 Determination of Surface Extents of Balance Units	68
	2.4.5 Long-Term Water Balances	72
	2.4.5.1 Basic Equation	72
	2.4.5.2 Determination of Mean Regional Values of Water Balance Elements	72
	2.4.5.3 Computation of Final Balance Errors	73
	2.4.6 Hydrological Characteristics	78
	2.4.6.1 Regional Variability of Water Balance Elements	78
	2.4.6.2 Runoff Coefficient	78
	2.4.6.3 Hydrological Longitudinal Profile of the Danube River	79
	2.4.6.4 Checking on Discharge Values	80
	2.4.7 Water Resources Indices for the Partial National Areas	82
	2.4.7.1	82
	2.4.7.1	82
	82	82
	2.4.7.2 Relative Contribution to the Total Water Resources of the Danube Basin	82
	2.4.7.3 Ratio of ''Proper'' to ''Transit'' Water Resources	83
	2.4.8 Conclusions	86
	References	86
	3 Palaeogeography of the Danube and Its Catchment	88
	3.1 Introduction	88
	3.2 Palaeogeographic History of the Danube Catchment	96
	3.2.1 Continentalisation of the Area	96
	3.2.2 Evolution of the River System in the Neogene	99
	3.2.2.1 Miocene	99
	3.2.2.2 Pliocene s.l.	105
	3.2.3 Evolution of the River System in the Quaternary	111
	3.2.3.1 Pleistocene	111
	3.2.3.2 Holocene	125
	3.2.3.3 Natural Evolution and Recent Anthropogenic Impacts	130
	References	132
	4 Danube River Basi