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Urban-Rural Interactions Towns as Focus Points in Rural Development

:	Eveline van Leeuwen
:	Urban-Rural Interactions Towns as Focus Points in Rural Development
:	Physica-Verlag
:	9783790824070
:	1
:	CHF 85.30
:

:	Volkswirtschaft
:	English

:	200
:	Wasserzeichen
:	PC/MAC/eReader/Tablet
:	PDF

Modern Europe has rural roots. Even today, as much as 90 per cent of Europe (EU25) consists of rural areas in which half of the population lives. While different rural areas often face different challenges, the shift from agricultural production towards a multifunctional landscape and the increasing value assigned to environmental values affect all rural areas.

The ambition to develop a more diversified rural economy, as well as the bottom-up approach and local focus of many rural policies, require a clear knowledge of the current socio-economic function of towns and town-hinterland linkages. Therefore, the aim of this study is to contribute to the understanding of the current function of towns in Europe in general and in the Netherlands more specifically. By using both micro- and macro-approaches, the multifaceted relationships between town-hinterland and the rural economy are explored at different spatial levels and for different actors, in particular for households, farms and firms.

	Contents	5
	List of Figures	10
	List of Tables	12
	Chapter 1: Introduction	16
	Small and Medium-Sized Towns	16
	Recent Developments	17
	Countryside Policies and Towns	18
	European Countryside Policies	18
	Towns in National Countryside Policies	19
	Economic Diversity	20
	Importance of Towns	20
	Aim and Set-Up	21
	Research Questions	21
	Set-Up	22
	Data Set and Spatial Set-Up	23
	Relevant Methodologies	25
	Multinomial Logit Model (MNL): Spatial Determinants of Shopping	25
	Censored Regression Model: Off-Farm Labour Income	26
	Social Accounting Matrices (SAMs): Spatial Economic Structures	26
	Microsimulation (MSM): Composition of Households in Town and Hinterland	27
	Micro- and macro-approaches	27
	Appendix A1.1: Names of the 30 selected towns	28
	Chapter 2: Town and Hinterland Interactions in Rural Areas	30
	Introduction	30
	Rural Areas	31
	What Is Urban and What Is Rural?	31
	The Agricultural Sector	31
	A New-Farming Context in Europe: Post-Productivism	33
	Specialization in Agricultural Activities Related to the Level of Rurality	34
	Rural Areas in the Netherlands	35
	The Countryside as Romantic Ideal	35
	The Countryside as an Economic Powerhouse	36
	The Countryside as a Realm of Life	37
	Urbanization of Rural Areas	37
	Towns	39
	Development of the First Towns	39
	Theory of Regions and Central Places	40
	Why Towns Exist	41
	Interdependency Between Towns and Rural Areas	42
	Town and Hinterland in a Model: Values, Activities and Actors	44
	Functions of Rural Areas	44
	Conceptual Framework of Town-Hinterland Functions	45
	Town Actors	48
	Hinterland Actors	49
	Possible Problems and Difficulties	49
	Future Challenges in Town-Hinterland Interactions	50
	Chapter 3: Multifunctionality of Towns: Exploration of the Spatial Behaviour of Households	52
	Introduction	52
	Multifunctionality of Towns for Town and Hinterland Households	53
	Towns as a Place to Shop	53
	Supply of Shops	54
	Location of Purchases	54
	Focusing on Different Products and Services	56
	Towns as a Place to Work	57
	Supply of Jobs	58
	Location of Jobs of Local Households	58
	Kind of Occupation and Job Location of Local Households	59
	Towns as a Place to Live	60
	Regression Analysis of Purchases Bought in Town and Hinterland	62
	Spatial Shopping Behaviour of Dutch Households	64
	Factors Affecting the Destination Choice of Households for Shopping	64
	Socio-Economic Factors	66
	Location Factors	66
	Characteristics of Dutch Town and Hinterland Households	67
	Multinomial Logit Model of Spatial Shopping Behaviour (MNL)	68
	Results of the Multinomial Logit Model	69
	Summary and Conclusions	71
	Chapter 4: Farms in a Modern World: Local Integration and Off-Farm Employment	74
	Introduction	74
	Economic Integration of Firms and Farms	76
	Integration Indicator	76
	Integration of Expenditures and Sales of Farms and Firms	78
	Local Expenditures and Sales in Absolute Values	79
	Income Sources of Farm Households	81
	Off-Farm Employment in the Netherlands	83
	Relevant Variables	83
	Household Variables	84
	Farm Variables	84
	Spatial Variables	85
	Data Collection and Preparation	85
	Off-Farm Activities	86
	Estimating the Behaviour of Farmers	88
	Conclusions	90
	Appendix4.1: Integration Indicators for All Areas	91
	Appendix4.2: Absolute Local Expenditures and Sales	92
	Chapter 5: Town-Hinterland Relations: A Social Accounting Matrix Approach	94
	The SAM-Framework	94
	Introduction	94
	Examples of SAM-Based Studies	95
	Structure of a SAM Table	96
	Advantages and Disadvantages of SAM Analysis	98
	Regional SAM	99
	From a National to a Regional Model	99
	Interregional SAMs at Town-Hinterland Level	100
	Economic Structure of Small and Medium-Sized European Towns	101
	Relative Importance of Town and Hinterland in the Local Economy	102
	Importance of Sectors in the Total Production Output of the Local Economy	103
	Importance of Town and Hinterland for Firms in Selling Output and Obtaining Inputs	104
	Importance of Town and Hinterland to Local Households	105
	Multiplier Analysis	106
	Introduction	106
	Variations in Multiplier Values	106
	Interregional SAM Multipliers at Town-Hinterland Level	107
	SAM Output Multipliers	108
	Aggregated Output Multipliers	108
	Composition of SAM Output Multipliers	109
	Key-Sectors	111
	SAM Income Multipliers	113
	Conclusions	115
	Appendix 5.1: Format of inter-regional Marketowns SAM (53x53)	118
	Appendix5.2: List of accounts in inter-local SAMs of Marketowns	121
	Appendix5.3: Output multipliers per sector for town and hinterland in five European countries	122
	Appendix5.4: SAM multiplier analysis of the Dutch towns	123
	Output Multipliers	123
	Income Multipliers	124
	Employment Multipliers