: Mark P. Mattson, Edward J. Calabrese
: Mark P. Mattson, Edward J. Calabrese
: Hormesis A Revolution in Biology, Toxicology and Medicine
: Humana Press
: 9781607614951
: 1
: CHF 170.90
:
: Pharmazie
: English
: 213
: DRM
: PC/MAC/eReader/Tablet
: PDF

Hormesis is a poorly understood phenomenon affecting all forms of life on earth. This groundbreaking book summarizes and analyzes the various positives of hormesis in an attempt to reveal hormesis as a fundamental principle of biomedical sciences as a whole.



Mark P. Mattson, Ph.D. is Chief of the Laboratory of Neurosciences at the National Institute on Aging in Baltimore, where he leads a multi-faceted research team that applies cutting-edge technologies in research aimed at understanding molecular and cellular mechanisms of brain aging and the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. He is also a Professor in the Department of Neuroscience at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. He has published more than 450 original research articles and numerous review articles, and has edited 10 books in the areas of mechanisms of aging and neurodegenerative disorders. Dr. Mattson has trained more than 60 postdoctoral and predoctoral students who have contributed to his being the most highly cited neuroscientist in the world.

Edward J. Calabrese, Ph.D. is a Professor and Program Director of
Environmental Health Science, at the University of Massachusetts in Amherst.

His research focuses on environmental toxicology with an emphasis on biological factors including genetic and nutritional factors that enhance susceptibility to pollutant toxicity and the environmental implications of toxicological hormesis. Dr. Calabrese has researched extensively in the area of host factors affecting susceptibility to pollutants, and is the author of more than 300 papers in scholarly journals, as well as 24 books in the field of toxicology and environmental pollution. Dr. Calabrese has received numerous awards including, most recently, the prestigious Marie Curie Prize.

Hormesis1
Preface4
Contents7
About the Editors8
Contributors9
Hormesis: What It Is and Why It Matters11
Hormesis Is a Fundamental Feature of Biological Systems12
Hormesis Is a Manifestation of a Fundamental Feature of Evolution14
Cellular and Molecular Mediators of Hormetic Responses16
Hormesis in Medicine: Dose and Frequency of Treatment Are Both Important17
Are Beneficial Chemicals in Fruits and Vegetables Toxins Acting at Low Doses?19
Hormesis Is Not Homeopathy20
Implications of Hormesis for the Practices of Environmental Protection and Medicine20
References21
Hormesis: Once Marginalized, Evidence Now Supports Hormesis as the Most Fundamental Dose Response24
Introduction25
Historical Antipathies, Rather Than Science, Determined Which DoseResponse Model Would Dominate Biology26
The Hormetic Dose-Response Relationship29
The Hormesis Database31
The Frequency of Hormesis in Toxicology and Pharmacology39
Implications of Hormesis40
Impact on Biological Concepts41
Hormesis Measures Performance41
Hormesis Provides Quantitative Estimates of Biological Plasticity41
Adaptive Response/Preconditioning: Manifestations of Hormesis42
Hormesis as an Expression of Allometry42
Toxicological/Pharmacological Implications43
Factors Affecting the Recognition of Hormetic Dose-Response Relationships43
Use of Multiple Terms43
Modest Stimulation and Historically Weak Study Designs43
Control Group: High Variation43
Low Background Disease Incidence44
Lack of Temporal Component44
Summary44
Chemical Potency and Hormesis44
Hormesis: A Novel Concept of Synergy/Potentiation45
Interindividual Variation and Hormesis46
Epidemiology and Hormesis47
Hormesis and Medicine47
Low-Dose Stimulation of Tumor Cells47
Low-Dose Stimulation of Microbes by Antibiotics48
Anxiolytic Drugs48
Antiseizure Drugs49
Memory-Enhancing Drugs49
Stroke Medications50
Osteoporosis50
Hair Growth51
Pulmonary Hypertension51
Fibrotic Diseases (e.g., Dupuytren's Contracture)51
Avoidance of Undesirable Side Effects51
Environmental Risk Assessment52
Discussion59
References60
The Fundamental Role of Hormesis in Evolution66
Introduction66
The Biphasic Dose Response and Evolution68
Cellular and Molecular Hormetic Mechanisms71
Hormesis and Evolutionary Strategies: Diversification and Specialization72
Conclusions and Future Directions75
References75
Transcriptional Mediators of Cellular Hormesis78
Introduction78
Nature of Transcriptional Regulation79
Hormetic Signaling Pathways80
Nuclear Factor--Erythroid 2p45 (NF-E2)--Related Factor (Nrf2)/Antioxidant Response Element (ARE) Signaling Pathway81
Nrf2, Keap1, and Regulation of the ARE Pathway81
Hormetic Inducers of the Nrf2/ARE Pathway83
Forkhead Box O (FOXO) Transcription Factors85
FOXO, Oxidative Stress, and Longevity88
The Nuclear Factor-B Pathway89
NF-B as a Hormetic Transducer of Exercise90
Heat-Shock Factor Pathway91
Conclusions95
References96
The Devil Is in the Dose: Complexity of Receptor Systemsand Responses103
Introduction103
Classic and Modern Dynamic GPCR Models104
Receptor System Complexities and Responses106
Multiple G Protein Coupling106
Allosteric Receptor Modulation107
Receptor Desensitization109
Receptor Dimerization110
GPCRs and Receptorsome Structures111
Conclusions112
References113
Exercise-Induced Hormesis117
Introduction117
Effects of Exercise on the Musculoskeletal System118
Dose-Response Characteristics of Exercise Effects on Muscle118
Duration-Dependent Effects of Exercise on Bone119
Effects of Exercise on the Digestive System119
Dose-Dependent Effects of Exercise on the Stomach119
Hormetic Effects of Exercise in the Large and Small Intestine119
Dose-Response Characteristics of Exercise Effects on the Liver119
Duration-Dependent Effects of Exercise on the Pancreas120
Effects of Exercise on the Reproductive System120
Dose-Response Characteristics of Exercise Effects on Ovarian Function120
Duration-Dependent Effects of Exercise on the Testis121
Effects of Exercise on the Cardiorespiratory System121
Duration-Dependent Effects of Exercise on the Heart121
Dose-Dependent Effects of Exercise on the Lungs122
Effects of Exercise on the Immune System122
Dose-Response Characteristics of Exercise Effects on the Thymus122
Hormetic Effects of Exercise on the Spleen122
Exercise Effects on Circulating Cytokines Conform to the Theory of Hormesis123
Effects of Exercise on the Brain123
Duration-Dependent Effects of Exercise on Adult Neurogenesis123
Dose-Response Characteristics of Exercise Effects on Dendritic Spines124
Duration-Dependent Effects on Angiogenesis125
Duration-Dependent Effects of Running on Neurotrophic Factor Expression125
Conclusion126
References127
Dietary Energy Intake, Hormesis, and Health131
Introduction131
CR as a Hormetic Effector132
CR and Cellular Stress Factors133
CR Effects Upon Cytoki