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Cardiovascular Disease in Racial and Ethnic Minorities

:	Keith C. Ferdinand, Annemarie Armani
:	Keith C. Ferdinand, Annemarie Armani
:	Cardiovascular Disease in Racial and Ethnic Minorities
:	Humana Press
:	9781597454100
:	1
:	CHF 142.40
:

:	Klinische Fächer
:	English

:	331
:	Wasserzeichen/DRM
:	PC/MAC/eReader/Tablet
:	PDF

C rdiovascular heart disease mortality in African Americans is the highest of all major racial/ethnic subpopulations in the United States. Examining race and ethnicity, Cardiovascular Disease in Racial and Ethnic Minorities will reveal that there are unacceptable healthcare disparities in risk factor prevalence, disease states, and cardiovascular outcomes in the United States. Written by a team of experts, Cardiovascular Disease in Racial and Ethnic Minorities examines to what degree biomedical and scientific literature can clarify the impact of genetic variation versus environment as related to cardiovascular disease. Chapters illustrate the magnitude of cardiovascular and metabolic disparities and the effect of environment on diseases.

	Foreword	8
	Preface	10
	Acknowledgment	14
	Contents	15
	Contributors	17
	1 Cardiovascular Disease in Racial/Ethnic Minorities: Overview and Perspectives	19
	1. Introduction	20
	2. Current Concepts of Race and Ethnicity: Facts and Fallacies	21
	3. Overview of CVD in Racial/Ethnic Minorities Chapters	23
	3.1 Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases and Risk Factors Among Racial and Ethnic Populations in the United States	23
	3.2 Unmasking Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Cardiovascular Disease: Nutritional, Socioeconomic, Cultural and Healthcare-Related Contributions	23
	3.3 Race and Genetics	24
	3.4 Race, Genetics, and Cardiovascular Disease	25
	3.5 Hypertension and Stroke in Racial/Ethnic Groups	26
	3.6 Dyslipidemia in Racial and Ethnic Groups	26
	3.7 Novel and Emerging Risk Factors in Racial/Ethnic Groups	27
	3.8 Therapeutic Lifestyle Interventions in a Multicultural Society	28
	3.9 Obesity and the Cardiometabolic Syndrome: Impact on Chronic Kidney Disease and CVD	28
	3.10 Risk Calculation and Clustering within Racial/Ethnic Groups	29
	3.11 Cardiovascular Imaging in Racial/Ethnic Populations: Implications for the Adequate Application of Cardiovascular Imaging Techniques Guided by Racial and Ethnic Risk	29
	3.12 Unique Aspects of Vascular and Cardiac Ultrasound in Racial/Ethnic Groups	30
	3.13 Heart Failure in Racial/Ethnic Populations	31
	3.14 Minority Women and CVD	32
	4. Perspectives on CV Morbidity/Mortality in Racial/Ethnic Minorities	32
	5. Practical Approaches to Eliminating Disparities	33
	6. Socioeconomic-Disadvantaged Status and CVD	35
	7 Future Considerations	35
	2 Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases and Risk Factors Among Racial/Ethnic Populationsin the United States	40
	1 Summary	40
	2 Introduction	41
	3 Strengths and Limitations of the Existing Epidemiologic Data	42
	4 Life Expectancy and Summary Measures ofPopulation Health	43
	5 Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Biomarkers	45
	5.1 Self-Reported Behavioral and Lifestyle Risks	48
	5.2 Prevalence and Trends in Measured Risk Factors	48
	5.3 Emerging Risk Factors and Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Risk	53
	5.4 Markers of Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease	54
	6 Cardiovascular Morbidity	57
	7 Access to Care and the Quality ofHealth CareDelivered	58
	8 Progress Made in the Elimination ofHealth Disparities	59
	9 Summary and Conclusions	61
	3 Unmasking Racial/Ethnic Disparities inCardiovascular Disease: Nutritional, Socioeconomic, Cultural, and Health-Care-Related Contributions	68
	1 Population-Based CVD Burden/Racial and Ethnic Disparities in CVD	69
	2 Likely Causes of Population-Based Differences in CVD Burden by Race/Ethnicity	71
	2.1 The Role of Genetics in Race/Ethnicity Disparities in CVD	72
	2.2 Environmental Effects	73
	2.3 Low Birth Weight	76
	2.4 Dietary Nutrients and Physiologic Effects upon CVD	77
	2.5 Dietary Nutrients, Socioeconomic Status, and Race	78
	2.6 Physical Inactivity	79
	2.7 Geography and Acculturation	79
	3 Socioeconomic Status and Cardiovascular Disease	80
	4 Cardiovascular Disease Disparities in Health-Care Settings	81
	4.1 Coronary Ischemia and Myocardial Infarction	82
	4.2 Hypertension, Hyperlipidemia, and Other Cardiovascular Risk Factors	82
	4.3 Congestive Heart Failure	82
	4.4 Health System and Provider Characteristics Linked to CVD Disparities	83
	4.5 Proposed Solutions for Reducing/Eliminating CVD Health Disparities in Health-Care Settings	83
	5 Cultural Competency and CVD Health Care	85
	5.1 Health-Care Quality and the Underserved	85
	5.2 Cultural Competency Defined	85
	5.3 Cardiovascular Disease and Etiology	87
	5.4 Laizze Faire or Fatalistic Attitudes	87
	3.1 Summary	88
	4 Race and Genetics	97
	1 Introduction	98
	2 How is Genetic Variation Structured?	99
	3 Measure and use of Genetic Ancestry	101
	4 Finding Disease Susceptibility Genes in Admixed Populations	103
	5 Has Natural Selection Shaped Genetic Variation?	103
	6 Conclusion	104
	5 Race, Genetics and Cardiovascular Disease	108
	1 Introduction	109
	2 Predisposition	110
	3 Screening	111
	4 Pathophysiology	112
	4.1 Healt