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Developmental Plasticity of Inhibitory Circuitry

:	Sarah L. Pallas
:	Sarah L. Pallas
:	Developmental Plasticity of Inhibitory Circuitry
:	Springer-Verlag
:	9781441912435
:	1
:	CHF 132.90
:

:	Nichtklinische Fächer
:	English

:	190
:	Wasserzeichen
:	PC/MAC/eReader/Tablet
:	PDF

Neuroscience has long been focused on understanding neural plasticity in both development and adulthood. Experimental work in this area has focused almost entirely on plasticity at excitatory synapses. A growing body of evidence suggests that plasticity at inhibitory GABAergic and glycinergic synapses is of critical importance during both development and aging.

The book brings together the work of researchers investigating inhibitory plasticity at many levels of analysis and in several different preparations. This topic is of wide relevance across a number of different areas of research in neuroscience and neurology. Medical problems such as epilepsy, mental illness, drug abuse, and movement disorders can result from malfunctioning inhibitory circuits. Further, the maturation of inhibitory circuits may trigger the onset of critical periods of neural circuit plasticity, raising the possibility that such plastici periods could be reactivated for medical benefit by manipulating inhibitory circuitry.

	Anchor 1	1
	Anchor 2	1
	Part_I.pdf	10
	Pallas_Ch01.pdf	11
	Chapter 1	11
	Introduction	11
	1.1 Hemifield Neglect?	11
	1.2 “Inhibition” is Excitatory Early in Development	12
	1.3 Mechanisms of Inhibitory Plasticity are Highly Diverse	12
	1.3.1 Co-Transmitters	13
	1.3.2 Changes in Receptor Subunit Composition	13
	1.3.3 DSI	13
	1.3.4 Inhibitory STDP	14
	1.3.5 Receptor Trafficking	14
	1.4 Homeostatic Plasticity	14
	1.5 Critical Periods	15
	1.6 Old Dogs and New Tricks: Adult Plasticity and Aging	15
	1.7 Conclusions and Future Directions	16
	References	18
	Pallas_Ch02.pdf	21
	Chapter 2	21
	The Origins and Specification of Cortical Interneurons	21
	2.1 Introduction	21
	2.2 Origins of Cortical Interneurons	21
	2.2.1 Medial Ganglionic Eminence	22
	2.2.2 Caudal Ganglionic Eminence	23
	2.2.3 Lateral Ganglionic Eminence	24
	2.2.4 Rostral Migratory Stream	24
	2.2.5 Septal Region	25
	2.2.6 Cortex	25
	2.3 Birthdating of Cortical Interneurons	26
	2.4 Specification of Cortical Interneurons	26
	2.4.1 Generation of Interneuron Diversity Within the MGE	28
	References	30
	Pallas_Ch03.pdf	35
	Chapter 3	35
	Role of Spontaneous Activity in the Maturation of GABAergic Synapses in Embryonic Spinal Circuits	35
	References	45
	Part_II.pdf	48
	Pallas_Ch04.pdf	49
	Chapter 4	49
	Regulation of Inhibitory Synapse Function in the Developing Auditory CNS	49
	4.1 Spontaneous and Sound-Evoked Activity During Development	50
	4.2 Perturbation of Auditory System Activity Alters Inhibition	51
	4.3 Developmental Regulation of Inhibitory Synapses in the Lateral Superior Olive	52
	4.4 Developmental Regulation of Inhibitory Synapse Gain in the Inferior Colliculus	56
	4.5 Developmental Regulation of Inhibitory Synapse Gain in the Auditory Cortex	59
	4.6 Summary	62
	4.6.1 Heirarchical Modification of Inhibitory Function	64
	4.6.2 Cellular Mechanisms that Regulate Inhibitory Gain	65
	4.6.3 Effect of Inhibitory Gain on Auditory Processing	66
	References	68
	Pallas_Ch05.pdf	76
	Chapter 5	76
	Developmental Plasticity of Inhibitory Receptive Field Properties in the Auditory and Visual Systems	76
	5.1 Introduction	76
	5.1.1 Inhibitory Plasticity in the Hamster Superior Colliculus	77
	5.1.2 Surround Inhibition Shapes Velocity Tuning in the SC	77
	5.1.3 Effects of Modifying Retinocollicular Convergence on Surround Inhibition During Development	79
	5.1.4 Surround Inhibition Plays a Larger Role in Velocity Tuning After Chronic NMDAR Blockade	81
	5.1.5 Plasticity of Inhibition Underlying Vocalization Selectivity in the Auditory Cortex	81
	5.1.6 Asymmetries in Sideband Inhibition Shape FM Rate and Direction Selectivity in Adults	83
	5.1.7 Developmental Plasticity of Inhibition Underlying FM Rate and Direction Selectivity	83
	5.1.8 Experience-Dependent Plasticity of Inhibition Shaping Rate and Direction Selectivity	84
	5.1.9 Normal Experience is Required for the Maintenance of FM Rate Selectivity and HFI	84
	5.1.10 Experience is Required for Development and Maintenance of Direction Selectivity and LFI	85
	5.2 Discussion	86
	5.2.1 The Contribution of Surround Inhibition to RF Properties Across Sensory Systems	86
	5.2.2 Previous Studies on the Role of Inhibitory Plasticity in the Development of Response Selectivity	87
	5.2.3 Homeostatic Plasticity of Inhibition: Beyond Response Magnitude Stability	88
	5.2.4 Possible Synaptic Mechanisms of Plasticity in Strength and Timing of Inhibition	89
	5.2.5 Role of Experience During Development: Maintenance Versus Refinement	90
	5.2.6 Future Directions	91
	References	91
	Pallas_Ch06.pdf	95
	Chapter 6	95
	Postnatal Maturation and Experience-Dependent Plasticity of Inhibitory Circuits in Barrel Cortex	95
	6.1 Postnatal Maturation and Plasticity of Electrical Properties of Interneurons in the Barrel Cortex	96
	6.1.1 Postnatal Maturation of Electrical Properties in Neocortical Interneurons	96
	6.1.1.1 Maturation of FS and RS-Type Firing Phenotypes	97
	6.1.1.2 Maturation of BS or LTS Firing Phenotypes	99
	6.1.2 Increases in Dendritic Gap Junction (GJ) Coupling During Postnatal Maturation	99
	6.1.3 Experience-Dependent Maturation of Electrophysiological Properties of Inhibitory Interneurons	99
	6.2 Postnatal Maturation of Intracortical Inhibitory Synaptic Transmission in the Barrel Cortex	100
	6.2.1 Early Postnatal Development of the GABA System and its Role in Circuit Formation in the Barrel Cortex	100
	6.2.1.1 Synthetic Enzymes for GABA Exhibit Different Expression Patterns	100
	6.2.1.2 GABA-Mediated Synaptic Transmission in the Early Postnatal Period	101
	6.2.2 Late Postnatal and Experience-Dependent Maturation of Inhibitory Circuits in the Barrel Cortex	102
	6.2.2.1 Presynaptic Maturation	102
	6.2.2.2 Postsynaptic maturation	102
	6.2.2.3 Experience-Dependent Postnatal Maturation	102
	6.2.3 Interneurons involved in sensory feed-forward inhibition in the barrel cortex and the consequences of their functional	103
	6.3 Does the Maturation of Neocortical Inhibitory Networks Proceed in an Activity-Dependent Manner or Independently of Sensor	104
	6.3.1 Experience-Dependent Plasticity of GABAergic Circuits in the Barrel Cortex	104
	6.3.1.1 Sensory Deprivation (Whisker-Trimming)	104
	6.3.1.2 Whisker Stimulation	107
	6.3.2 Activity-Independent Maturation and Plasticity of GABAergic Circuits	107
	6.4 Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Experience-Dependent Plasticity of Inhibitory Circuits in the Barrel Cortex	108
	6.4.1 The Roles of Metabotropic and Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors	108
	6.4.1.1 N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptors (NMDARs)	108
	6.4.1.2 Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors (mGluRs)	109
	6.4.2 Transcriptional Factors and Maturation of Inhibitory Circuits	109
	6.4.3 The Roles of GABA and GAD	110
	6.5 Concluding Remarks<