: Jason B. West, Gabriel J. Bowen, Todd E. Dawson
: Jason B. West, Gabriel J. Bowen, Todd E. Dawson, Kevin P. Tu
: Isoscapes Understanding movement, pattern, and process on Earth through isotope mapping
: Springer-Verlag
: 9789048133543
: 1
: CHF 151.90
:
: Ökologie
: English
: 487
: Wasserzeichen/DRM
: PC/MAC/eReader/Tablet
: PDF

Stable isotope ratio variation in natural systems reflects the dynamics of Earth systems processes and imparts isotope labels to Earth materials. Carbon isotope ratios of atmospheric CO2 record exchange of carbon between the biosphere and the atmosphere; the incredible journeys of migrating monarchs is documented by hydrogen isotopes in their wings; and water carries an isotopic record of its source and history as it traverses the atmosphere and land surface.  Through these and many other examples, improved understanding of spatio-temporal isotopic variation in Earth systems is leading to innovative new approaches to scientific problem-solving. This volume provides a comprehensive overview of the theory, methods, and applications that are enabling new disciplinary and cross-disciplinary advances through the study of 'isoscapes': isotopic landscapes.

'This impressive new volume shows scientists deciphering and using the natural isotope landscapes that subtly adorn our spaceship Earth.',Brian Fry, Coastal Ecology Institute, Louisiana State University, USA

'An excellent timely must read and must-have reference book for anybody interested or engaged in applying stable isotope signatures to questions in e.g. Anthropology, Biogeochemistry, Ecology, or Forensic Science regarding chronological and spatial movement, changes, or distribution relating to animals, humans, plants, or water.',Wolfram Meier-Augenstein, Centre for Anatomy& Human Identification, University of Dundee, UK

'Natural resources are being affected by global change, but exactly where, how, and at what pace? Isoscapes provide new and remarkably precise answers.',John Hayes, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, USA

'This exciting volume is shaping a new landscape in environmental sciences that is utilizing the remarkable advances in isotope research to enhance and extend the capabilities of the field.',Dan Yakir, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel

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Preface5
Context and Background for the Topic and Book5
A Brief Isotope Primer7
References10
Acknowledgments12
Contents13
Contributors16
Part I Gathering and Using Spatially Explicit Isotope Data22
Chapter 1 Global Network Measurements of Atmospheric Trace Gas Isotopes23
1.1 Introduction23
1.2 Isotopic Measurement Programs25
1.3 Instrumentation28
1.4 Data Reporting, Corrections and Standards30
1.5 Considerations for Flask Measurement Networks32
1.5.1 Flasks32
1.5.2 Sites32
1.5.3 Data Management33
1.5.4 Flow of Data33
1.5.5 Intercomparison Activities35
1.6 Some Examples of Isotopic Trace Gas Findings38
1.6.1 13C of Atmospheric CO38
1.6.2 18O of Atmospheric CO40
1.6.3 13C of Atmospheric CH41
1.6.4 14C of Atmospheric CO43
1.7 Conclusions and New Frontiers44
References46
Chapter 2 Global Hydrological Isotope Data and Data Networks52
2.1 Introduction52
2.2 A Brief Historical Note on Isotope Hydrology Datasets53
2.3 Global Network of Isotopes in Precipitation54
2.3.1 GNIP – Mode of Operation55
2.3.2 Deuterium and Oxygen-18 in Global Precipitation56
2.3.3 Tritium in Global Precipitation62
2.4 Global Network of Isotopes in Rivers (GNIR)63
2.5 Moisture Isotopes in the Biosphere and Atmosphere (MIBA)63
2.6 Isotope Composition of Surface Waters and Groundwaters (IAEA-TWIN)64
2.7 Isotope Composition of Seawater65
2.8 Concluding Remarks65
References66
Chapter 3 Remote Sensing of Nitrogen and Carbon Isotope Compositions in Terrestrial Ecosystems70
3.1 Introduction70
3.2 Remote Sensing of Foliar N Isotope Composition71
3.2.1 Leaf and Canopy Scale Using Field Spectra Data72
3.2.2 Laboratory Assessment of Leaf d15N Using Spectra Data77
3.2.3 Mechanisms77
3.2.4 Future Directions80
3.3 Remote Sensing and C Isotope Composition Prediction80
3.3.1 Geostatistical Analysis of Soil d13C Distribution on Ground81
3.3.2 Soil d13C Prediction Using Satellite Data84
3.4 Summary86
References86
Chapter 4 Novel Approaches for Monitoring of Water Vapor Isotope Ratios: Plants, Lasers and Satellites90
4.1 Introduction90
4.2 Water Vapor Isotopes and Measurement Challenges91