| Analog Circuit Design | 244 |
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| 1 | 244 |
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| Preface | 244 |
| 4 | 244 |
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| Series on Integrated Circuits and Systems | 4 |
| Part I Smart Data Converters | 8 |
| 1 LMS-Based Digital Assisting for Data Converters | 9 |
| 1.1 Introduction | 9 |
| 1.2 High-Resolution ADCs | 10 |
| 1.3 Limits of ADC Resolution | 13 |
| 1.4 Zero-Forcing LMS Algorithm | 14 |
| 1.5 LMS-Based Calibration of the Pipelined ADC | 15 |
| 1.5.1 Measurement Time and Dither Magnitude Constraints | 16 |
| 1.5.2 Signal-Dependent Dithering Under Two Constraints | 17 |
| 1.5.3 Linearity Improvement | 19 |
| 1.5.4 Opamp Non-linearity Calibration | 20 |
| 1.6 Noise Leakage Calibration in CT Cascaded Modulator | 21 |
| 1.6.1 CT-to-DT Transform | 22 |
| 1.6.2 Calibrated Cascaded Modulator | 23 |
| 1.7 Conclusions | 25 |
| References | 26 |
| 2 Pipelined ADC Digital Calibration Techniques and Tradeoffs | 28 |
| 2.1 Introduction | 28 |
| 2.2 Review of Error Sources in Pipelined ADCs | 29 |
| 2.2.1 Gain Errors | 29 |
| 2.2.2 DAC Errors | 31 |
| 2.3 Digital Calibration Techniques | 31 |
| 2.3.1 Digital Gain Error Calibration | 32 |
| 2.3.2 DAC Gain Error Calibration | 32 |
| 2.3.3 Foreground Calibration Techniques | 33 |
| 2.3.4 Background Calibration | 34 |
| 2.4 Rapid Background Calibration Techniques | 35 |
| 2.4.1 Slow but Accurate Parallel ADC | 35 |
| 2.4.2 Split-ADC Gain Error Calibration | 36 |
| 2.4.3 Rapid DAC and Gain Error Correction | 37 |
| 2.5 Using Digital Calibration to Build Low Power `Smart-ADCs' | 41 |
| 2.5.1 Open Loop, Non-linear Gain Error Calibration | 41 |
| 2.5.2 Capacitive Charge Pump Based Pipelined ADC | 43 |
| 2.6 Summary | 46 |
| References | 46 |
| 3 High-Resolution and Wide-Bandwidth CMOS Pipeline AD Converters | 48 |
| 3.1 Introduction | 48 |
| 3.2 Digital Calibration of Non-Linearity | 50 |
| 3.2.1 DAC Non-linearity | 51 |
| 3.2.2 Stage Gain Non-linearity | 52 |
| 3.3 Range-Scaling in the First Pipeline Stage | 53 |
| 3.3.1 Power Consumption in a Noise-Limited ADC | 53 |
| 3.3.2 Circuit Implementation | 54 |
| 3.4 SHA-Less Architecture | 55 |
| 3.5 A 1.2V 14b 100MS/s ADC in 90nm CMOS | 56 |
| 3.5.1 ADC Architecture | 57 |
| 3.5.2 Measured Results | 58 |
| 3.6 Conclusions | 63 |
| References | 63 |
| 4 A Signal Processing View on Time-Interleaved ADCS | 65 |
| 4.1 Introduction | 65 |
| 4.2 Time-Interleaved ADCs | 66 |
| 4.3 Modeling Time-Interleaved ADCs | 67 |
| 4.4 Digital Calibration of Linear Channel Mismatches | 70 |
| 4.4.1 Digital Correction Methods | 71 |
| 4.4.1.1 Time Offset Mismatches | 72 |
| 4.4.1.2 Frequency Response Mismatches | 75 |
| 4.4.2 Digital Identification Methods | 77 |
| 4.4.2.1 Off-line Identification | 78 |
| 4.4.2.2 On-line Identification | 79 |
| 4.5 Conclusions | 81 |
| References | 81 |
| 5 DAC Correction and Flexibility, Classification, New Methods and Designs | 83 |
| 5.1 Introduction | 83 |
| 5.2 Correction Methods for Current-Steering DACs | 84 |
| 5.2.1 Classification | 84 |
| 5.2.2 New Correction Methods Based on Parallel Sub-DACs | 87 |
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