: Graciela Schneier-Madanes, Marie-Francoise Courel
: Graciela Schneier-Madanes, Marie-Francoise Courel
: Water and Sustainability in Arid Regions Bridging the Gap Between Physical and Social Sciences
: Springer-Verlag
: 9789048127764
: 1
: CHF 189.80
:
: Geowissenschaften
: English
: 349
: Wasserzeichen
: PC/MAC/eReader/Tablet
: PDF

Internatio al voices fill the pages of Water and Sustainability in Arid Regions, forming an original scientific exploration of current water research and management issues.

In arid regions, agriculture that is ill-adapted to the environment, accelerated urbanization, poverty, and increasing pollution challenge access to and uses of water. Understanding these issues requires incorporating findings from both the physical and social sciences at different temporal and spatial scales.

The chapters in this book were written by hydrologists, remote sensing specialists, ecologists, historians, economists, political scientists, architects, archaeologists, and other experts who live in and study arid lands. The authors present updates, overviews, and analyses of water challenges these areas have faced and are striving to address, from salinization in the fabled Taklimakan Desert in China to land degradation in the northern Mediterranean to groundwater over-exploitation in the southwestern United States.

The book also examines desertification, remote sensing, qanat systems, architecture, arsenic contamination, and other case studies from Iran, the Maghreb region, Argentina and Chile, and Mexico. From this conceptual mosaic of comparative perspectives and research methods emerges a strong assumption: an interdisciplinary approach that combines physical and social sciences is the first step toward globally and comprehensively addressing water and sustainability.'This book is a valuable and welcome contribution to the discussion of water and sustainable development. Through the collection of chapters, the book clearly illustrates the contemporary diversity of approaches to water scarcity and presents pertinent and new research findings that readers generally do not find compiled together. The result is a highly relevant, accessible, and timely resource that is unique in its international and interdisciplinary content. This is a must-read for anyone working on environmental and sustainability issues in arid lands.'André Mariotti, University Pierre et Marie Curie, and INSU - CNRS (National Institute for Earth Sciences and Astronomy-National Center for Scientific Research/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), France 'Anyone who reads this book will find himself or herself contemplating the need to rethink how we approach the issue of water and sustainability in arid lands. Drawing on the expertise of both physical and social scientists, the chapters taken as a whole present global, historic, and current perspectives on water scarcity in a multi-layered way that rarely has been done before.' Miguel Solanes, Madrid Water Institute, Spain

Preface4
Notes5
Acknowledgments6
Contents8
List of Contributors10
Editors10
Authors11
Introduction15
Part I16
Part II17
Part III18
Notes20
Bibliography 20
Part I Contemporary Issues21
1 Eco-reconstruction in Northwest China22
1.1 Aridity in the Northwest Region of China22
1.2 Complexities of Natural Processes23
1.2.1 Sandy Desertification24
1.2.2 Secondary Salinization25
1.2.3 Rangeland Degradation25
1.3 Nature and Eco-reconstruction26
1.3.1 Afforestation and Greening Projects26
1.3.2 Eco-restoration and Enclosure27
1.3.3 Nature Reserves28
1.4 Water and Land Resources for Sustainable Development28
1.4.1 Land Reclamation29
1.4.2 Water Resources29
1.4.3 A Crisis: The Minqin Oasis30
1.5 Reconciling Development with Nature32
Notes32
References33
2 Remote Sensing Assessment of Salinization Impacts in the Tarim Basin: The Delta Oasis of the Ugan and Kuqa Rivers34
2.1 Soil Salinization and Monitoring Salt-Affected Areas34
2.2 Study Area36
2.3 Image Data37
2.4 Extraction Method of Salinized Soil Information38
2.4.1 Data Characteristic Selection for the Extraction of Salinized Soils Information40
2.4.1.1 NDVI40
2.4.1.2 Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI)40
2.4.1.3 Karhunen--Loeve Transform41
2.4.1.4 TM1 Band43
2.4.2 The Establishment of a Decision Tree Classifier Model43
2.4.3 Post-classification Processing46
2.4.4 Accuracy Assessment47
2.5 The Keys for Extracting Soil Salinization Information47
Note48
References48
3 Estimating Net Primary Production in Xinjiang Through Remote Sensing52
3.1 Estimating Net Primary Production52
3.2 Study Area: Xinjiang54
3.3 Research Method54
3.3.1 Data Source54
3.3.2 Development of NPP-GPEM Model55
3.3.3 Parameters Acquisition57
3.3.4 Performance of the Model58
3.4 Results58
3.4.1 Validation58
3.4.2 Spatial Distribution of NPP in Xinjiang's Terrestrial Ecosystem59
3.4.3 Spatial'Temporal Pattern Variance of NPP in Xinjiang's Terrestrial Ecosystem60
3.4.4 Interannual and Intergenerational Spatial--Temporal Pattern of NPP in Xinjiang61
3.5 Methodological Analysis63
Notes66
References68
4 The Recent Evolution of the Oasis Environment in the Taklimakan Desert, China70
4.1 The Xinjiang Region: An Overview70
4.2 Environmental Degradation in Xinjiang73
4.3 Study Area Description and Data Collection76
4.4 Atmospheric Correction78
4.5 Soil Salinity Index (SSI)80