: Michael A. Liberman
: Introduction to Physics and Chemistry of Combustion Explosion, Flame, Detonation
: Springer-Verlag
: 9783540787594
: 1
: CHF 132.50
:
: Wahrscheinlichkeitstheorie, Stochastik, Mathematische Statistik
: English
: 349
: Wasserzeichen/DRM
: PC/MAC/eReader/Tablet
: PDF

Most of the material covered in this book deals with the fundamentals of chemistry and physics of key processes and fundamental mechanisms for various combustion and combustion related phenomena in gaseous combustible mixture. It provides the reader with basic knowledge of burning processes and mechanisms of reaction wave propagation. The combustion of a gas mixture (flame, explosion, detonation) is necessarily accompanied by motion of the gas. The process of combustion is therefore not only a chemical phenomenon but also one of gas dynamics.

The material selection focuses on the gas phase and with premixed gas combustion. Premixed gas combustion is of practical importance in engines, modern gas turbine and explosions, where the fuel and air are essentially premixed, and combustion occurs by the propagation of a front separating unburned mixture from fully burned mixture. Since premixed combustion is the most fundamental and potential for practical applications, the emphasis in the present work is be placed on regimes of premixed combustion.

This text is intended for graduate students of different specialties, including physics, chemistry, mechanical engineering, computer science, mathematics and astrophysics.

Contents5
Preface9
Sources and Use of Energy12
Basic Concepts of Thermodynamics15
1.1 The Entropy15
1.2 Work and Quantity of Heat: First Law of Thermodynamics18
1.3 Temperature21
1.4 Pressure23
1.5 The Free Energy and the Thermodynamic Potentials26
1.6 The Enthalpy27
1.7 The Nernst’s Theorem28
1.8 Carnot’s Cycle and Carnot’s Theorem30
1.9 Le Chatelier Principle32
1.10 Dependence of the Thermodynamic Quantities on the Number of Particles32
1.11 Ideal Gases35
1.12 Ideal Gases with Constant Specific Heat: Equation of Poisson Adiabatic36
Problems39
Chemical Thermodynamics41
2.1 Introduction and Definitions41
2.2 Properties of Substances44
2.3 Heats of Reactions and Formation46
2.4 Origin of the Combustion Heat Molecular Bonds
2.5 Adiabatic Flame Temperature54
2.6 The Equilibrium Constant57
2.7 Chemical Equilibrium and Adiabatic Flame Temperature60
Problems64
Combustion Chemistry66
3.1 Chemical Reactions66
3.2 Non-branching Chain Reaction: The Hydrogen Chlorine72
3.3 Oxidation of Nitrogen in Combustion76
3.4 Chain-Branching Reactions: Explosions78
3.5 Hydrogen-Oxygen Reactions: Explosion Limits79
Problems84
Self-Accelerating Reactions, Explosions86
4.1 Self-Accelerating Reactions86
4.2 Thermal Self-Ignition89
4.3 The Frank-Kamenetskii Transformation92
4.4 Semenov’s Theory of Thermal Explosions94
4.5 Critical Conditions for a Thermal Explosion97
4.6 Spark Ignition and Minimum Ignition Energy98
Problems100
Velocity and Temperature of Laminar Flames101
5.1 Reaction Waves Propagation Through a Combustible Mixture101
5.2 Velocity and Thickness of Laminar Flames103
5.3 Temperature and Concentration Distributions in Flames109
5.4 Normal Velocity of Flame Propagation. Zel’dovich - Frank-Kamentskii Theory113
5.5 Consequences of the Formula for Normal Flame Velocity118
Problems119
Introduction to Hydrodynamics of Ideal Fluids120
6.1 The Fluid Dynamics120
6.2 The Equation of Continuity122
6.3 The Euler Equation124
6.4 Conservation of Energy127
6.5 The Equation of State131
6.6 Hydrostatics134
6.7 A Stationary Flow. The Bernoulli Equation137
6.8 The Conservation of Velocity Circulation140
6.9 Potential Flow142
6.10 Linear Waves and Instabilities145
6.11 The Gravity Waves148
6.12 The Rayleigh-Taylor Instability152
6.13 Sound Waves154
6.14 One-Dimensional Traveling Waves159
6.15 Flow in a Pipe Ahead of the Moving Piston163
Problems165
Energy Dissipation in Gases and Liquids167
7.1 Viscous Fluids167
7.2 Energy Dissipation in Viscous Fluids169
7.3 Thermal Conduction171
7.3.1 The Equation of Thermal Conduction171
7.3.2 Thermal Conduction in an Incompressible Fluid173
7.3.3 Heat Propagation175
7.4 Stationary Flow of Incompressible Viscous Fluid178
7.4.1 Flow of Viscous Incompressible Fluid in a Duct178
7.4.2 The Poiseuille Flow180
7.4.3 A Stationary Viscous Flow in a Cylindrical Tube183
7.5 Dimensional Analysis: The Law of Similarity185
7.6 Flow with Small Reynolds Numbers188
7.7 Turbulence: Stability of Steady Viscous Flow189
7.7.1 Instability of Steady Flow at Large Reynolds Numbers191
7.7.2 Fully Developed Turbulence: Kolmogorov Theory194
7.7.3 The Velocity Correlation Function197
7.8 Boundary Layer200
Problems206
Detonation and Shock Waves207
8.1 Surfaces of Discontinuity207
8.2 The Shock Adiabatic209
8.3 Detonation Adiabatic212
8.4 Velocity of Deton