| Foreword | 6 |
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| Contents | 9 |
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| About the Contributors | 11 |
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| Part I Introductory Section | 15 |
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| Introduction | 16 |
| Studying Civic Engagement in Japan | 16 |
| Beyond Maturity and Immaturity | 19 |
| Traditional and Emerging forms of Civic Engagement | 23 |
| Outline | 27 |
| References | 31 |
| Introduction | 34 |
| Civil Society in Japan: Democracy, Voluntary Action, and Philanthropy | 34 |
| Civic Engagement Before World War II Democracy | 36 |
| Liberal Capitalism and Philanthropy | 38 |
| Voluntary Organizations | 39 |
| Civic Engagement After World War II New Constitution and Democracy after the War | 43 |
| Capitalism Governed by Bureaucrats | 44 |
| Social Reform after the War | 44 |
| Voluntary Organizations | 45 |
| Coming of the Global Age Democracy | 47 |
| Rebirth of Liberal Capitalism | 48 |
| Voluntary Organizations | 49 |
| Challenges in the Twenty-First Century | 50 |
| Capitalism with CSR | 50 |
| Voluntary Organizations | 51 |
| Conclusion | 52 |
| Reference | 53 |
| Introduction | 54 |
| Social Frameworks for Civil Society in Japan: In Search for a Japanese Model | 54 |
| Historical review Meiji Restoration (1868–1912) | 56 |
| Taisho (1912–1925) Democracy | 58 |
| Postwar Democracy, Enforced but Rooted | 59 |
| Fifty-Five-Regime: Political and Social Stagnancy in Growing Corporate World | 63 |
| Kaikaku: Structural Changes Through Political Will | 64 |
| Changes on the Ground | 69 |
| Agenda for Civil Society in Japan In Pursuit for Japanese Models | 74 |
| 2008 G8 Summit NGO Forum | 75 |
| References | 76 |
| Part II Established Forms of Engagement | 78 |
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| The Rising Voice of Japan’s Community Unions | 79 |
| Civic Engagement in Community Unions | 79 |
| Characteristics of Community Unions | 80 |
| New Environment | 82 |
| Core Activities | 83 |
| Action and Advocacy Agency Temporary Workers | 85 |
| Advocacy for Women | 85 |
| Work Hours | 86 |
| Foreign Workers | 87 |
| Zenroren | 89 |
| Emerging Trends: Youth and Nonregular Workers | 91 |
| Growing Partnership? | 91 |
| Conclusion | 92 |
| References | 94 |
| Environmental NGO/NPOs in Japan: Their Status and Problems | 96 |
| Collaborative Environmentalism in Japan | 96 |
| Collaboration and Collaborative Environmentalism | 98 |
| Public Referendum and the Collaborative Strategies in Antinuclear Movement | 99 |
| The Citizen’s Communal Wind Power Projects and the Collaborative Processes | 102 |
| Actors and Collaborative Networks for Climate Change Actions | 107 |
| Conclusions | 109 |
| References | 110 |
| Introduction | 111 |
| A New Epoch of Immigration for Japan: Directional Shift in Civic Organizational Support for Newcomer Settlement | 111 |
| The Establishment of New Civic Organizations | 113 |
| The Inflow of Newcomers from Foreign Lands | 113 |
| Emergence of New Type of Social Movements | 114 |
| The Organization’s Social Roles | 116 |
| Extension in Their Activities | 116 |
| New Phase of Actions and Movements | 117 |
| Family Matters | 118 |
| Political Actions and Public Appeals | 119 |
| Notable Demonstrations for Permanent Residency | 120 |
| Conclusion: Changes in Governmental Directions and in Membership | 122 |
| References | 125 |
| Web Sites | 126 |
| Part III Engagement Outside the Mainstream | 127 |
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| Civic Engagement and Community Development Among Japan’s Burakumin | 128 |
| Introduction: Visible and Invisible | 128 |
| The Scary Burakumin | 130 |
| Who Are the Burakumin? | 130 |
| Meiji Era “Hamlet People” and Discrimination | 132 |
| Social Protest Movements for Human Rights | 132 |
| The BLL and Denunciation Tactics | 133 |
| The Special Measures Law | 134 |
| The Yata Incident and the Court Ruling | 135 |
| The Decline of the BLL | 135 |
| Machizukuri and Buraku | 137 |
| The Asaka Neighborhood Project | 138 |
| A Buraku Community Leader and His Tactics | 138 |
| Community Empowerment | 140 |
| Removal of the Depot and Redevelopment of the Neighborhood | 141 |
| Buraku Culture and Identity | 143 |
| Self-Conscious Inquiry and Renewal of Buraku Identity | 144 |
| References | 146 |
| Web Sites | 147 |
| Vision | 148 |
| “I’m Deaf. This is Sign. Get Used to It.” Sign Language in Japan: The Vision and the Struggle | 148 |
| The Cognitive Wattage | 149 |
| The Problems Are Legion. There Are Walls to Climb | 151 |
| Civic Action for a Sustainable Vision | 152 |
| The Discriminatory “Deaf Disqualification Laws” Were Abolished in 2005 | 152 |
| Deaf Schools Are Implementing JSL | 152 |
| Deaf Associations in Japan | 153 |
| Turning Points in Deaf Action: D’ya Hear Me? The Rights Movement of the 1960s– 1970s | 154 |
| International Handicap Year and the 1980s | 155 |
| The Kitashiro Baseball Incident | 155 |
| The Media and Deaf Sign: A Star Is Born | 156 |
| Manga | 158 |
| Learning Shuwa | 158 |
| Conclusion: Diversification of Deaf Issues | 159 |
| References | 161 |
| Web Site | 161 |
| Introduction | 162 |
