| Preface | 5 |
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| Contents | 6 |
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| Contributors | 8 |
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| Fluorescence Anisotropy to Study the Preferential Orientation of Fluorophores in Ordered Bi-Dimensional Systems: Rhodamine 6G/Laponite Layered Films | 13 |
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| 1 Introduction | 13 |
| 2 Fluorescence Anisotropy in Ordered Bi-Dimensional Systems | 15 |
| 3 Dye/Clay Systems: Film Characterization | 22 |
| 4 Dye Orientation in Ordered Clay Films. A Fluorescence Anisotropy Study | 30 |
| 5 Conclusions | 41 |
| References | 41 |
| Room Temperature Tryptophan Phosphorescence of Proteins in the Composition of Biological Membranes and Solutions | 48 |
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| 1 Introduction | 48 |
| 2 Room Temperature Tryptophan Phosphorescence of Proteins of Isolated Human Erythrocyte Membranes | 52 |
| 3 Room Temperature Tryptophan Phosphorescence of Plant Lectins in Solution | 60 |
| 3.1 Concanavalin A (Con A) | 61 |
| 3.2 Phytohemagglutinin-L (PHA-L) | 65 |
| 3.3 Wheat Germ Agglutinin (WGA) | 68 |
| 3.4 Peanut Agglutinin (PNA) | 69 |
| 3.5 Pisum sativum Agglutinin (PSA) | 70 |
| 3.6 Sambucus nigra Agglutinin (SNA-I) | 72 |
| 3.7 Laburnum anagyroides Lectin (LAL) | 72 |
| 3.8 Solanum tuberosum Agglutinin (STA) | 72 |
| References | 74 |
| Rational Design of FRET-Based Sensor Proteins | 79 |
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| 1 Introduction | 79 |
| 2 Factors That Affect the Ratiometric Change in FRET-Based Sensor Proteins | 81 |
| 3 Quantitative Understanding of Energy Transfer by Modeling the Conformational Behavior of Flexible Linkers | 83 |
| 4 Quantitative Understanding of the Effect of Flexible Peptide Linkers on Effective Concentration | 86 |
| 5 Chelating Fluorescent Protein Chimeras as Efficient Zn(II) Sensor Proteins | 89 |
| 6 Taking Advantage of Stickiness: FRET Sensor Proteins Based on Conformational Switching | 93 |
| 7 Conclusion and Outlook | 95 |
| References | 96 |
| Fluorescence Imaging of Calcium Loading and Mitochondrial Depolarization in Cancer Cells Exposed to Heat Stress | 98 |
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| 1 Introduction | 99 |
| 2 Fluorescence Imaging of Mitochondrial Calcium Loading | 100 |
| 2.1 The Role of Ca 2+ Inside Cells | 100 |
| 2.1.1 Fluorescent Ca 2+ Indicators | 103 |
| 2.2 Materials and Methods | 104 |
| 3 Results | 107 |
| 3.1 Cell Viability | 107 |
| 3.2 Visual Evaluation of Fluorescent Ca 2+ Indicators | 108 |
| 3.3 Fluorescence Imaging of Mitochondrial Transmembrane Potential | 111 |
| 4 Discussion | 119 |
| 5 Conclusions | 121<
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