| Contents | 4 |
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| Contributors | 5 |
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| Foreword | 6 |
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| Acknowledgements | 7 |
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| Gas Storage in Europe: Toward a Market- Oriented Approach | 9 |
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| 1.1 Storage in the Economic Literature | 10 |
| 1.2 Storage in the Modern European Gas Industry | 14 |
| 1.3 Book Synopsis | 15 |
| References | 18 |
| Expected Vs. Observed Storage Usage: Limits to Intertemporal Arbitrage | 21 |
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| 2.1 Introduction | 21 |
| 2.2 Empirical Models and Theoretical Foundations | 22 |
| 2.3 Germany in the European Natural Gas System | 24 |
| 2.4 Market Based Use of Storage Capacities: A Model | 30 |
| 2.5 Conclusions | 36 |
| References | 37 |
| Natural Gas Storage and Market Power | 38 |
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| 3.1 Introduction | 38 |
| 3.2 The Issue of Gas Storage and Market Power in the Literature | 39 |
| 3.3 A Basic Duopoly Model | 41 |
| 3.4 Preemptive Access to Storage Facilities | 45 |
| 3.5 Vertical Integration of Storage Facilities | 47 |
| 3.6 Flexibility Degree of Storage Facilities | 49 |
| 3.7 Gas Storage in France | 51 |
| 3.8 Conclusion | 58 |
| 3.9 Appendix | 58 |
| References | 60 |
| The Regulation of Access to Gas Storage | 62 |
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| 4.1 Introduction | 62 |
| 4.2 Regulation of Access to Storage: Related Literature | 66 |
| 4.3 Is Gas Storage an Essential Facility? | 67 |
| 4.4 The Effect of Storage Rationing on the Productive Efficiency of Gas Suppliers | 71 |
| 4.5 The Efficient Rationing Rule: An Example | 73 |
| 4.6 Access to Storage with Imperfect Competition in Gas Markets | 75 |
| 4.7 Welfare Analysis | 80 |
| 4.8 The Regulation of Access to Storage in Italy | 81 |
| 4.9 Conclusions | 88 |
| 4.10 Appendix | 89 |
| References | 90 |
| Gas Storage and Security of Supply | 91 |
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| 5.1 Introduction | 91 |
| 5.2 The Issue of Security of Supply in the Literature | 93 |
| 5.3 Storage and Security of Supply in the UK | 95 |
| 5.4 Precautionary Gas Stocks: A Model | 101 |
| 5.5 Price and Stock Dynamics | 103 |
| 5.6 Dynamic Welfare Costs of Antispeculative Policy | 105 |
| 5.7 To Build or not to Build Strategic Gas Stocks in the UK? | 107 |
| 5.8 Conclusion | 112 |
| 5.9 Appendix | 112 |
| References | 117 |
| Final Remarks and Policy Recommendations | 119 |