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Human-Centered Software Engineering Software Engineering Models, Patterns and Architectures for HCI

:	John Karat, Jean Vanderdonckt, Gregory Abowd, Gaëlle Calvary, John M. Carroll, Gilbert Cockton
:	Ahmed Seffah, Jean Vanderdonckt, Michel C. Desmarais
:	Human-Centered Software Engineering Software Engineering Models, Patterns and Architectures for HCI
:	Springer-Verlag
:	9781848009073
:	1
:	CHF 133.00
:

:	Informatik
:	English

:	398
:	Wasserzeichen/DRM
:	PC/MAC/eReader/Tablet
:	PDF

Activity theory is a way of describing and characterizing the structure of human - tivity of all kinds. First introduced by Russian psychologists Rubinshtein, Leontiev, and Vigotsky in the early part of the last century, activity theory has more recently gained increasing attention among interaction designers and others in the hum- computer interaction and usability communities (see, for example, Gay and H- brooke, 2004). Interest was given a signi?cant boost when Donald Norman suggested activity-theory and activity-centered design as antidotes to some of the putative ills of 'human-centered design' (Norman, 2005). Norman, who has been credited with coining the phrase 'user-centered design,' suggested that too much attention focused on human users may be harmful, that to design better tools designers need to focus not so much on users as on the activities in which users are engaged and the tasks they seek to perform within those activities. Although many researchers and practitioners claim to have used or been in?uenced by activity theory in their work (see, for example, Nardi, 1996), it is often dif?cult to trace precisely where or how the results have actually been shaped by activity theory. Inmanycases, evendetailedcasestudiesreport esultsthatseemonlydistantlyre ated, if at all, to the use of activity theory. Contributing to the lack of precise and traceable impact is that activity theory, - spite its name, is not truly a formal and proper theory.

	Contents	6
	List of Figures	11
	List of Tables	17
	Contributing Authors	20
	1 Human-Centered Software Engineering: Software Engineering Architectures, Patterns, and Models for Human Computer Interaction	29
	1.1 SCOPE	29
	1.2 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES OF THE CHISE VOLUME II	30
	1.3 OVERVIEW	30
	1.4 CHAPTER SUMMARIES	31
	I User Experiences, Usability Requirements, and Design	35
	2 WHAT DRIVES SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT: BRIDGING THE GAP BETWEEN SOFTWARE AND USABILITY ENGINEERING	36
	2.1 INTRODUCTION	36
	2.2 USE CASE DRIVEN SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT	38
	2.3 ARCHITECTURE CENTRIC	41
	2.4 FROM ESSENTIAL USE CASES TO THE CONCEPTUAL ARCHITECTURE	44
	2.5 TOOL ISSUES	47
	2.6 CONCLUSION	50
	3 HUMAN ACTIVITY MODELING: TOWARD A PRAGMATIC INTEGRATION OF ACTIVITY THEORY AND USAGE-CENTERED DESIGN	53
	3.1 INTRODUCTION	54
	3.2 ACTIVITY THEORY	55
	3.3 USAGE-CENTERED DESIGN	57
	3.4 TOWARD INTEGRATION	59
	3.5 HUMAN ACTIVITY MODELING	61
	3.6 DESIGN IMPLICATIONS	69
	3.7 PROCESS IMPLICATIONS	70
	3.8 APPLICATION	71
	3.9 DISCUSSION	73
	4 A USER-CENTERED FRAMEWORK FOR DERIVING A CONCEPTUAL DESIGN FROM USER EXPERIENCES: LEVERAGING PERSONAS AND PATTERNS TO CREATE USABLE DESIGNS	78
	4.1 INTRODUCTION	79
	4.2 A FIRST LOOK AT THE PROPOSED FRAMEWORK	80
	4.3 MODELING USER EXPERIENCES WITH PERSONAS	81
	4.4 CREATING A CONCEPTUAL DESIGN USING PATTERNS	82
	4.5 AN ILLUSTRATIVE CASE STUDY	86
	4.6 A DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF UX-PROCESS	95
	4.7 FURTHER INVESTIGATION: THE P2P MAPPER TOOL	99
	4.8 CONCLUSION	101
	References	104
	5 XML-BASED TOOLS FOR CREATING, MAPPING, AND TRANSFORMING USABILITY ENGINEERING REQUIREMENTS	107
	5.1 INTRODUCTION	107
	5.2 TOOLSET OVERVIEW	109
	5.3 USING XML TO STRUCTURE UE SPECIFICATIONS	113
	5.4 MAPPING BETWEEN XML-BASED UE AND SE SPECIFICATIONS	116
	5.5 TRANSLATING BETWEEN XML-BASED UE REQUIREMENTS INTO SE SPECIFICATIONS	123
	5.6 CONCLUSION	126
	II Modeling and Model-Driven Engineering	129
	6 MULTIPATH TRANSFORMATIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF USER INTERFACES WITH GRAPH TRANSFORMATIONS	130
	6.1 INTRODUCTION	131
	6.2 RELATED WORK	133
	6.3 EXPRESSING THE UI DEVELOPMENT CYCLE WITH GRAPH TRANSFORMATIONS	134
	6.4 DEVELOPMENT PATHS	141
	6.5 CONCLUSION	157
	7 HUMAN-CENTERED ENGINEERING OF INTERACTIVE SYSTEMS WITH THE USER INTERFACE MARKUP LANGUAGE	162
	7.1 INTRODUCTION	163
	7.2 UIML: AN OVERVIEW	164
	7.3 TOOLS FOR AND EXTENSIONS OF UIML	171
	7.4 IMPROVEMENTS TO UIML FOR VERSION 4.0	179
	7.5 UIML-RELATED STANDARDS	189
	7.6 CONCLUSION	192
	8 MEGAMODELING AND METAMODEL-DRIVEN ENGINEERING FOR PLASTIC USER INTERFACES: MEGA-UI	195
	8.1 INTRODUCTION	196
	8.2 PLASTICITY: CASE STUDY AND ENGINEERING ISSUES	197
	8.3 MODELING, METAMODELING, AND MEGAMODELING	204
	8.4 MDE FOR PLASTICITY	212
	8.5 CONCLUSION AND PERSPECTIVES	218
	9 CAUSE AND EFFECT IN USER INTERFACE DEVELOPMENT	223
	9.1 INTRODUCTION	223
	9.2 RESEARCH STUDY	227
	9.3 ELICITING NEEDS AND CONTEXT	231
	9.4 DESIGN	232
	9.5 EVALUATION IN CONTEXT	236
	9.7 CONCLUSION	240
	III Interactive Systems Architectures	245
	10 FROM USER INTERFACE USABILITY TO THE OVERALL USABILITY OF INTERACTIVE SYSTEMS: ADDING USABILITY IN SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE	246
	10.1 INTRODUCTION	247
	10.2 BACKGROUND AND RELATED WORK	248
	10.3 IDENTIFYING AND CATEGORIZING TYPICAL SCENARIOS	249
	10.4 PATTERNS AS SOLUTIONS TO THE PROBLEMS DOCUMENTED AS SCENARIOS	251
	10.5 MODELING CAUSE-EFFECT RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN SOFTWARE ELEMENTS AND USABILITY	258
	10.6 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE INVESTIGATIO