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Computers in the Human Interaction Loop

:	John Karat, Jean Vanderdonckt, Gregory Abowd, Gaëlle Calvary, John M. Carroll, Gilbert Cockton, Mary
:	Alexander Waibel, Rainer Stiefelhagen
:	Computers in the Human Interaction Loop
:	Springer-Verlag
:	9781848820548
:	1
:	CHF 133.00
:

:	Betriebssysteme, Benutzeroberflächen
:	English

:	376
:	Wasserzeichen/DRM
:	PC/MAC/eReader/Tablet
:	PDF

This book integrates a wide range of research topics related to and necessary for the development of proactive, smart, computers in the human interaction loop, including the development of audio-visual perceptual components for such environments; the design, implementation and analysis of novel proactive perceptive services supporting humans; the development of software architectures, ontologies and tools necessary for building such environments and services, as well as approaches for the evaluation of such technologies and services.

The book is based on a major European Integrated Project, CHLI (Computers in the Human Interaction Loop), and throws light on the paradigm shift in the area of HCI that rather than humans interactive directly with machines, computers should observe and understand human interaction, and support humans during their work and interaction in an implicit and proactive manner.

	Preface	6
	The CHIL Consortium	8
	Acknowledgments	9
	Contents	14
	List of Figures	17
	List of Tables	20
	The CHIL Vision and Framework	22
	1 Computers in the Human Interaction Loop	23
	Perceptual Technologies	27
	2 Perceptual Technologies: Analyzing the Who, What, Where of Human Interaction	28
	3 Person Tracking	30
	3.1 Goals and Challenges	31
	3.2 Difficulties and Lessons Learned	33
	3.3 Results and Highlights	34
	References	39
	4 Multimodal Person Identification	42
	4.1 Speaker Identification	44
	4.2 Face Identification	44
	4.3 Multimodal Person Identification	47
	4.4 Lessons Learned	47
	References	49
	5 Estimation of Head Pose	51
	5.1 Single-Camera Head Pose Estimation	52
	5.2 Multicamera Head Pose Estimation	54
	5.3 Conclusion and Future Work	58
	References	59
	6 Automatic Speech Recognition	61
	6.1 The ASR Framework in CHIL	62
	6.2 ASR Preprocessing Steps	64
	6.3 Main ASR Techniques and Highlights	66
	6.4 An ASR System Example	70
	6.5 Experimental Results	72
	6.6 Conclusions and Discussion	73
	References	74
	7 Acoustic Event Detection and Classification	78
	7.1 Acoustic Event Classification	79
	7.2 Acoustic Event Detection	83
	7.3 Demonstrations of Acoustic Event Detection	88
	7.4 Conclusions and Remaining Challenges	90
	References	90
	8 Language Technologies: Question Answering in Speech Transcripts	91
	8.1 Question Answering	92
	8.2 Question Answering: From Written to Spoken Language	93
	8.3 Fast Question Answering	95
	8.4 The QAST 2007 Evaluation	98
	8.5 Conclusions and Discussion	101
	References	102
	9 Extracting Interaction Cues: Focus of Attention, Body Pose, and Gestures	103
	9.1 From Head Pose to Focus of Attention	104
	9.2 Determining Focus of Attention in Dynamic Environments	105
	9.3 Tracking Body Pose	106
	9.4 Pointing Gesture and Hand-Raising Detection	107
	9.5 Detection of Fine-Scale Gestures	108
	References	109
	10 Emotion Recognition	110
	10.1 Emotion Recognition for the Socially Supportive Workspaces Scenario	111
	10.2 Emotion Recognition for the Connector Agent Scenario	114
	10.3 Discussion	117
	10.4 Conclusion	120
	References	120
	11 Activity Classification	121
	11.1 Visual Activities Recognition in a Smart-Room Environment Using a Probabilistic Syntactic Approach	122
	11.2 Person Activity Classification Using Gestures	123
	11.3 Activity Recognition and Room-Level Tracking in an Office Environment	128
	11.4 Conclusion	131
	References	132
	12 Situation Modeling	134
	12.1 Defining Concepts: Role, Relation, Situation, and Situation Network	135
	12.2 Implementations of the Situation Model	138
	12.3 Perspective: Automatic Acquisition and Adaptation of Situation Models Based on User Feedback	143
	12.4 Conclusion	143
	References	144
	13 Targeted Audio	146
	References	154
	14 Multimodal Interaction Control	155
	14.1 Interaction Control in Spoken Dialog Systems	156
	14.2 Multimodal Output and Interaction Control	162
	References	167
	15 Perceptual Component Evaluation and Data Collection	170
	15.1 CHIL Data Overview	172
	15.2 CHIL Corpus Annotations	180
	15.3 CHIL Evaluations Overview	183
	15.4 Conclusions	186
	References	186
	Services	188
	16 User-Centered Design of CHIL Services: Introduction	189
	16.1 Methodology	192
	16.2 Methodological Issues	193
	16.3 Overview of Part III	194
	References	195
	17 The Collaborative Workspace: A Co-located Tabletop Device to Support Meetings	197
	17.1 RelatedWork	198
	17.2 User-Centered Design of a Tabletop Interface	201
	17.3 Initial User Study: Whiteboard as Mock-up	201
	17.4 The Collaborative Workspace: First Design	206
	17.5 The Second User Study	207
	17.6 Re-Thinking the CollaborativeWorkspace	210
	17.7 The Collaborative Workspace: Second Design	211
	17.8 The Third User Study	211
	References	214
	18 The Memory Jog Service	216
	18.1 The AIT Memory Jog Service for Meeting, Lecture and Presentation Support	216
	18.2 The UPC Memory Jog Service	229
	References	242
	19 The Connector Service: Representing Availability for Mobile Communication	244
	19.1 The Always-OnWorld: Benefits and Burdens of Mobile Communication	244
	19.2 The Connector: Representing the Receiver’s Plans to the Sender	245
	19.3 Situated Aspects of Availability	249
	19.4 New Communication Modalities: Implicit Availability Representations	258
	19.5 Conclusions	262
	References	264
	20 Relational Cockpit	266
	20.1 Prototype	267
	20.2 Evaluation	270
	20.3 Results	273
	20.4 Conclusion and Lessons Learned	276
	References	278
	21 Automatic Relational Reporting to Support Group Dynamics	280
	21.1 Background and RelatedWork	280
	21.2 The Survival Task Experiment	282
	21.3 T