| Contents | 5 |
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| 1 Topics for Comparative Research on Operating Hours in the EU | 7 |
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| 1.1 Introduction | 7 |
| 1.2 Topics for further cross-country analyses of operating hours | 13 |
| 1.3 The structure of this book | 16 |
| References | 18 |
| 2 Flexible Working Patterns and Factor Utilisation: A Cross- country Comparison | 21 |
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| 2.1 Introduction | 21 |
| 2.2 The EUCOWE survey and the indicators used in re-gression analyses | 24 |
| 2.3 A “ceteris paribus” analysis | 26 |
| 2.4 Estimation results | 27 |
| 2.5 Conclusions | 31 |
| References | 31 |
| Appendix 2.1 The variables | 33 |
| Appendix 2.2 Distribution of variables | 35 |
| Appendix 2.3 | 36 |
| Appendix 2.4 The regression results | 38 |
| B – Overall sample | 56 |
| 3 Operating Hours in the EU: the Role of Strategy, Structure and Context | 61 |
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| 3.1 Introduction | 61 |
| 3.2 Hypotheses concerning determinants of operating hours | 64 |
| 3.3 Bivariate results | 70 |
| 3.4 Multivariate results | 77 |
| 3.5 Conclusions | 85 |
| References | 86 |
| 4 Exploring Terra Incognita – Operating Hours in the Service Sector | 89 |
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| 4.1 Introduction | 89 |
| 4.2 A heuristic definition of the service sector | 91 |
| 4.3 Theoretical discussions on the measurement of operating hours in the service sector | 96 |
| 4.4 Empirical results | 98 |
| 4.5 Conclusions | 114 |
| References | 116 |
| 5 Small and Medium-sized Establishments in Europe: Operating Hours and Working- Time Patterns | 122 |
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| 5.1 Introduction | 122 |
| 5.2 Small and medium sized establishments and working patterns | 123 |
| 5.3 The research | 125 |
| 5.4 Operating times and working-time patterns | 126 |
| 5.5 Multivariate analyses | 138 |
| 5.6 Conclusions | 144 |
| References | 145 |
| 6 Patterns of Flexibility in Domestic and Foreign Enterprises1 | 148 |
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| 6.1 Introduction | 148 |
| 6.2 Globalisation, multinational companies and national institutional settings | 150 |
| 6.3 Companies’ flexibility patterns | 153 |
| 6.4 Data and methods | 154 |
| 6.5 The empirical investigation | 155 |
| 6.6 Conclusions | 165 |
| References | 166 |
| 7 Capacity Utilisation, Working Time and the Quality of Work | 169 |
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| 7.1 Introduction | 169 |
| 7.2 Capacity utilisation, organisation of working time and the quality of work: analytical framework | 171 |
| 7.3 Capacity utilisation, working time and quality of work from an empirical perspective | 175 |
| 7.4 Conclusions | 190 |
| References | 192 |
| List of Tables | 194 |
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| List of Figures | 196 |
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| Author Index | 197 |
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| Subject Index | 201 |
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| Appendix EUCOWE Questionnaire | 205 |
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| A Survey of Operating Hours, Working Time and Employment in France, Germany, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain and the United Kingdom | 205 |
| About the Contributors | 214 |