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Dimensions of the Sustainable City

:	Mike Jenks, Colin Jones
:	Mike Jenks, Colin Jones
:	Dimensions of the Sustainable City
:	Springer-Verlag
:	9781402086472
:	1
:	CHF 135.30
:

:	Ökologie
:	English

:	282
:	Wasserzeichen
:	PC/MAC/eReader/Tablet
:	PDF

The CityForm consortium's latest book,Dimensions of the Sustainable City, is the first book to report on an empirical multi-disciplinary study specifically designed to address urban sustainability. Drawing together the various dimensions of sustainability - economic, social, transport, energy and ecological - the book examines their relationships both to each other and to urban form.

The book investigates the sustainability dimensions of cities through a series of projects based on a common list of elements of urban form, and which draw on the consortium's latest research to review the sustainability issues of each dimension. The elements of urban form include density, land use, location, accessibility, transport infrastructure and characteristics of the built environment. The book also addresses issues such as adapting cities, psychological and ecological benefits of green space and sustainable lifestyles, each presenting a critical review of the relevant literature followed by an empirical analysis presenting the key results.

Based on studies across five UK cities, the book draws out findings of relevance to sustainable cities worldwide. As well as an invaluable reference to researchers in sustainable planning and urban design, the book will provide a useful text for advanced undergraduate and graduate courses and for policy makers dealing with these issues.

The CityForm consortium is a multi-disciplinary group of researchers from five universities funded by the UK Engineering and Physical Science Research Council from 2003-07.

	Preface	5
	Acknowledgements	6
	Contents	7
	Contributors	9
	1 Issues and Concepts	12
	What is Meant by the Sustainable City?	12
	Urban Form and Claims to Sustainability	12
	An issue of Global Significance	14
	The Aim of the Book	16
	Researching the Dimensions of the Sustainable City	16
	Environmental Sustainability	17
	Transport	18
	Social Benefits	19
	Economic Viability	20
	Researching the Sustainable City	21
	Methodology	22
	The Structure of the Book	23
	References	27
	2 Elements of Urban Form	31
	Introduction	31
	Elements of Urban Form	31
	Density	33
	Land Use	33
	Accessibility and Transport Infrastructure	34
	Urban Layout	35
	Housing and Building Characteristics	35
	Integrated Elements	35
	Measuring Urban Form	36
	Measuring Density	37
	Measuring Land Use	37
	Measuring Accessibility and Transport Infrastructure	37
	Measuring Housing/Building Characteristics	39
	Measuring Layout	39
	Measuring Overview	42
	Case Study Areas: Profiles	42
	Case Study Cities	42
	General Characteristics of the Five Cities	45
	Some Physical Characteristics of the Five Cities	45
	Case Study Neighbourhoods	46
	Characteristics of Neighbourhoods	47
	Layouts of Neighbourhoods	47
	Summary and Conclusions	48
	References	60
	3 Travel and Mobility	62
	Introduction	62
	Research Approach	64
	Data	65
	Measures of Urban Form	65
	Analysis	66
	Household Car Availability	66
	Trip Generation	68
	Trip Frequency	69
	Use of Local Amenities	72
	Trip Generation: Summary	74
	Distance Travelled	75
	Conclusions	81
	References	82
	4 Environment and Biodiversity	84
	Introduction	84
	Green Space and Urban Form	86
	Ecosystem Services and Urban Form	92
	Temperature Regulation	93
	Water Regulation	95
	Carbon Sequestration	96
	Pollination	99
	Provision of Pest Control	100
	Recreation	101
	Biodiversity and Urban Form	102
	Conclusions	106
	References	107
	5 Social Acceptability	113
	Introduction	113
	Defining Social Sustainability	113
	Social Capital, Social Cohesion and Social Inclusion	115
	A Working Definition of Social Sustainability	116
	The Relationship Between Social Sustainability and Urban Form	118
	Measuring Social Sustainability	119
	Quantitative Relationships	121
	Descriptive Patterns	122
	Regression Modelling Results	122
	Summarizing the Urban form Relationships	126
	Other Area Effects	128
	Qualitative Findings: Use of Focus Groups	129
	Local Services and Spaces	130
	Community and Attachment	131
	Conclusions	132
	References	132
	6 Energy Use	137
	Introduction	137
	Energy Use and Urban Form	137
	Modelling Domestic Energy Consumption	139
	Fabric	139
	Occupancy	140
	Use of Household Appliances	141
	Research Method	142
	Selection of Samples	143
	Design of Survey Instrument	144
	Energy Consumption of Individual Properties	145
	Data Analysis Procedure	145
	Results of Analysis	146
	Discussion of Key Findings	148
	Conclusions	150
	References	151
	7 Economic Viability	152
	Introduction	152
	Economics of City Form	152
	Land Use Patterns	153
	Accessibility/Transport Infrastructure	153
	Density	154
	Characteristics of the Built Environment	154
	Urban Form, Economic Performance and Sustainability	155
	The Economic Viability of Individual Land Uses	158
	Offices	158
	Retailing	159
	Commercial and Retail Change	160
	Housing	161
	Infrastructure Costs and City Form	164
	Conclusions	166
	References	168
	8 Adapting the City	170
	Introduction	170
	Emergence of Indicators of Sustainable Development	170
	Current Practice in Urban Regeneration and Development	171
	Urban renaissance and Sustainable Urban Neighbourhoods	172
	The Implications of the Growing Demand for Additional Housing	172
	Urban Intensification	174
	Developing a Tool for the Measurement of Sustainability	175
	Application of the Tool for the Measurement of Levels of (Un)sustainability of Urban Areas	177
	The Investigation of the Govan Areas	182
	Detailed Investigation of the Drumoyne Area	184
	Conclusions	187
	References	189
	9 Neighbourhood Design and Sustainable Lifestyles	190
	Introduction	190
	Why Do We Need to Investigate the Effectiveness of New Sustainable Housing Developments?	191
	How was the Relationship Between the Built Environment and Sustainable Behaviour Conceptualised?	191
	Research Methods	193
	Comparison Surveys	194
	Understanding How Sustainable Design Features in Housing Schemes Could Support or Enable Sustainable Behaviour	194
	Which Behaviours Did We Study?	195
	Home-Based Sustainable Behaviours	195
	Reducing Home Energy Consumption	195
	Using Water Efficiently	196
	Waste Recycling and Composting	196