| Preface | 5 |
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| Acknowledgements | 6 |
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| Contents | 10 |
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| Abbreviations | 15 |
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| List of Figures | 18 |
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| List of Tables | 19 |
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| Chapter 1 Introducing Sustainability into HRM | 21 |
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| 1.1 Importance of Sustainability as a Phenomenon for HRM Practice | 22 |
| 1.1.1 Practical Relevance of HR and HRM for Corporate Success | 23 |
| 1.1.2 Practical Relevance of Sustainability for HRM | 24 |
| 1.2 Sustainability and Human Resources: Challenges for HRM | 25 |
| 1.2.1 The Problem of Labour or Skills Shortage | 25 |
| 1.2.2 The Problem of Self-Induced Side and Feedback Effects | 27 |
| 1.2.3 Paradoxical Tensions for HRM | 28 |
| 1.3 Emergence of Conceptual Approaches Linking Sustainability and HRM | 29 |
| 1.3.1 Key Research Approaches and Issues on the Sustainability–HRM Link | 30 |
| 1.3.2 Critical Appreciation of the Sustainability–HRM Literature | 31 |
| 1.3.3 Outline of Research Gaps for the Study | 32 |
| 1.4 Research Objectives and Questions | 36 |
| 1.4.1 Conceptual and Analytical Objectives | 37 |
| 1.4.2 Exploratory Objectives | 38 |
| 1.4.3 Pragmatic Objectives | 39 |
| 1.5 Research Approach and Overview | 40 |
| 1.5.1 Reflections on the Position in the Philosophies of Science | 41 |
| 1.5.2 Theory Development Approach | 44 |
| 1.5.3 Structure of the Dissertation | 47 |
| Chapter 2 Linking the Idea of Sustainability to Strategic HRM | 52 |
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| 2.1 Objectives and Structure of the Chapter | 52 |
| 2.2 Defining Key Terms and Concepts on Sustainability | 53 |
| 2.2.1 Historical Development of Sustainability Meanings | 54 |
| 2.2.2 Difficulties in Defining the Meaning of Sustainability | 56 |
| 2.2.3 Key Elements and Characteristics of Corporate Sustainability | 57 |
| 2.2.4 Implications for the Notion and Nature of Sustainability for HRM | 59 |
| 2.3 Defining Key Terms and Concepts on Strategic HRM | 61 |
| 2.3.1 The Notion and Nature of Human Resources | 61 |
| 2.3.2 The Notion and Nature of Strategy | 63 |
| 2.3.3 The Notion and Nature of Strategic HRM | 66 |
| 2.4 Conceptual Approaches Linking Sustainability and HRM | 67 |
| 2.4.1 Sustainable Work Systems | 70 |
| 2.4.2 Sustainable HRM | 72 |
| 2.4.3 Sustainable Resource Management | 74 |
| 2.4.4 Sustainability in Strategic HRM | 77 |
| 2.4.5 Main Contributions and Limitations of the Conceptual Approaches | 77 |
| 2.5 Rationalities Underlying the Reasoning for Sustainability in HRM | 81 |
| 2.5.1 Normative Understanding of Sustainability | 81 |
| 2.5.2 Efficiency- and Innovation-Oriented Understanding of Sustainability | 83 |
| 2.5.3 Substance-Oriented Understanding of Sustainability | 84 |
| 2.5.4 Juxtaposing Different Ways of Reasoning for Sustainability and HRM | 86 |
| 2.6 Links between Sustainability and Strategic HRM | 89 |
| 2.6.1 Fostering the Ability of HRM to Sustain the HR Base from Within | 90 |
| 2.6.2 Extending the Notion of Strategic Success | 90 |
| 2.6.3 Considering Short- and Long-Term Effects | 92 |
| 2.6.4 Working Definition for Sustainable HRM | 92 |
| 2.7 Critical Summary and Conclusions | 94 |
| Chapter 3 Theorising on Strategic HRM from a Sustainability Approach | 98 |
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| 3.1 Objectives and Structure of the Chapter | 98 |
| 3.2 A Short Historical Overview of HRM | 100 |
| 3.2.1 Historical Background on Management Research Influencing HRM | 100 |
| 3.2.2 HRM in Germany as an Example for Changing Concerns | 102 |
| 3.3 Strategy- and Resource- Orientation in Strategic HRM | 104 |
| 3.3.1 From Personnel Management to Strategic HRM | 105 |
| 3.3.2 From External Factors to Internal Human Resources | 108 |
| 3.3.3 From National Perspectives to Global HRM | 110 |
| 3.3.4 From Strategic to Sustainable HRM? | 113 |
| 3.3.5 Theoretical Perspectives in Strategic HRM | 117 |
| 3.4 Modes of Theorising in Strategic HRM, Strategy and Performance | 121 |
| 3.4.1 The Universalistic Approach (Best Practices) | 122 |
| 3.4.2 The Contingency Approach (Best Fit) | 123 |
| 3.4.3 The Configurational Approach (Best Bundles) | 125 |
| 3.4.4 The Contextual Approach | 126 |
| 3.4.5 The Integrative Approach | 128 |
| 3.5 Challenges for Strategic HRM from a Sustainability Approach | 129 |
| 3.5.1 ‘‘Blind Spot’’ Concerning the Ability to Sustain the HR Base from Within | 129 |
| 3.5.2 ‘‘Blind Spot’’ Concerning the Understanding of Strategic Success | 131 |
| 3.5.3 ‘‘Blind Spots’’ Concerning the Temporal Dimension | 133 |
| 3.5.4 Key Paradoxes for Sustainable HRM | 136 |
| 3.6 Critical Summary and Conclusions | 137 |
| Chapter 4 Paradox Theory as a Lens of Theorising for Sustainable HRM | 141 |
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| 4.1 Objectives and Structure of the Chapter | 141 |
| 4.2 Defining Key Terms and Concepts in Paradox Theory | 143 |
| 4.2.1 The Notion and Nature of Theory and Theorising | 143 |
| 4.2.2 The Notion and Nature of Paradox | 146 |
| 4.2.3 The Notion and Nature of Duality | 149 |
| 4.2.4 The Notion and Nature of Dilemma | 150 |
| 4.2.5 Comparison of Concepts and Conclusions | 153 |
| 4.3 Background on Paradox Theory | 155 |
| 4.3.1 Applications of Paradox Theory | 155 |
| 4.3.2 Applications of Duality Theory | 158 |
| 4.3.3 Applications of Dilemma Theory | 163 |
| 4.4 Elements of Paradox Theory | 165 |
| 4.4.1 Paradoxical Tensions | 165 |
| 4.4.2 Ambiguity and Ambivalence | 167 |
| 4.4.3 Reinforcing Cycles | 169 |
| 4.5 Coping Framework for Paradoxical Phenomena | 170 |
| 4.5.1 Logical Coping Strategies | 171 |
| 4.5.2 Psychological Coping Strategies | 176 |
| 4.6 Critical Summary and Conclusions | 177 |
| Chapter 5 Conceptual Model for Sustainable HRM and a Paradox Framework | 181 |
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| 5.1 Objectives and Structure of the Chapter | 181 |
| 5.2 Sustainable HRM Model | 183 |
| 5.2.1 Extending a Strategic HRM Model for Sustainable HRM | 183 |
| 5.2.2 Model Part 1: Extending the Notion of Strategic Success | 185 |
| 5.2.3 Model Part 2: Basic Sustainability Strategies to Maintain the HR Base | 186 |
| 5.2.4 Illustration of the Model | 190 |
| 5.3 Paradox Framework as a Lens of Theorising on Sustainable HRM | 191 |
| 5.3.1 Developing a Paradox Framework for Sustainable HRM | 191 |
| 5.3.2 Illustration of the Framework | 192 |
| 5.4 Coping with Paradoxes in Sustaina
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