| Preface | 6 |
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| Contents | 10 |
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| Overview | 18 |
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| 1.1 Definition of Logistics | 18 |
| 1.2 Definition of SCM | 20 |
| 1.3 Background of Logistics and SCM Researches | 22 |
| 1.4 Obstacles, Pre-Requisites and Infrastructures of Modernized Logistics and SCM | 24 |
| 1.5 Challenges of Union Countries and Global SCM | 26 |
| 1.6 Logistics and SCM in Developing Countries | 28 |
| 1.7 Research Trends in Logistics and SCM | 31 |
| References | 35 |
| Performance Measurement | 38 |
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| 2.1 Importance of Measurement | 38 |
| 2.2 Properties of Performance Measures | 39 |
| 2.3 Process Management System Analysis | 40 |
| 2.4 Process-Oriented Approach | 41 |
| 2.5 Goal-Oriented Approach | 52 |
| 2.6 Attributes of National Logistics Systems | 54 |
| 2.7 Using the Balanced Scorecards to Manage SCP ( Bolstorff 2006) | 58 |
| References | 58 |
| Global Supply Chain Management | 60 |
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| 3.1 Global Supply Chain Drivers | 61 |
| 3.2 Global Vs. Domestic Supply Chains | 63 |
| 3.3 Characteristics of Global Supply Chains | 67 |
| 3.4 Global Sourcing | 68 |
| 3.5 Demand Management | 72 |
| References | 73 |
| National Logistics Costs | 74 |
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| 4.1 Importance of Logistics Costs | 74 |
| 4.2 Complexity of Calculating Logistics Costs | 77 |
| 4.3 Components of National Logistics Costs | 77 |
| 4.4 Factors Affecting National Logistics Costs | 79 |
| 4.5 Logistics Costs in Agriculture | 81 |
| 4.6 State of Logistics in America | 84 |
| 4.7 State of Logistics in South Africa | 97 |
| 4.8 Conclusion | 99 |
| References | 100 |
| Spatial Analysis and Land-Use Planning | 101 |
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| 5.1 Spatial Planning and Development | 101 |
| 5.2 Logistics, Space and Geography | 103 |
| 5.3 Core Geographical Dimensions of Logistics | 105 |
| 5.4 Role of Public Sector | 109 |
| 5.5 Spatial Planning for Logistics | 110 |
| References | 118 |
| Supply Network Design | 120 |
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| 6.1 Classification of Network Design Problems | 121 |
| 6.2 Network Design Models | 124 |
| 6.3 Closed-loop Network Design | 130 |
| 6.4 International Distribution Network Design | 134 |
| 6.5 National and Governmental Distribution Networks | 136 |
| 6.6 Distribution and Logistics Development in China ( Jiang and Prater 2002) | 137 |
| References | 142 |
| Privatization | 144 |
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| 7.1 A Literature Review on Privatization and its Definition | 146 |
| 7.2 Steps to Privatization (Shehadi 2002) | 147 |
| 7.3 Privatization Methods | 149 |
| 7.4 Selecting the Appropriate Method (Shehadi 2002) | 154 |
| 7.5 Impact of Privat
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