ebook ebooks e-book e-books downloaden bei MyEbooks.ch downloaden

Echocardiographic Anatomy in the Fetus

:	Enrico Chiappa, Andrew C. Cook, Gianni Botta, Norman H Silverman
:	Echocardiographic Anatomy in the Fetus
:	Springer-Verlag
:	9788847005730
:	1
:	CHF 198.40
:

:	Klinische Fächer
:	English

:	224
:	Wasserzeichen/DRM
:	PC/MAC/eReader/Tablet
:	PDF

Echocardiographi diagnosis is based on moving images. Recent advances in ultrasound systems have brought innovative applications into the clinical field and can be integrated into powerful multimedia presentations for teaching. The CD-ROM accompanying the book presents morphological pictures from tomographic sections of the whole fetal body, combined with high quality dynamic echocardiographic images of normal fetuses and of some of the most common congenital heart defects.

	Preface	6
	Preface	7
	Acknowledgements	9
	Contents	11
	Part I Basic Principles of Diagnosis	16
	1 General Guidelines	17
	Introduction	17
	Equipment	18
	Major Planes of the Body and Heart	20
	Basic Probe Manipulations	21
	Axial and Lateral Resolution	23
	Method for Comprehensive Cardiac Evaluation	24
	References	26
	2 Determining the Laterality of the Fetal Body and Image Orientation	29
	Introduction	29
	Methods	30
	Image Orientation	33
	Reference	34
	3 The Visceroatrial Arrangement (Situs)	35
	Introduction	35
	Usual Arrangement (Situs Solitus)	35
	Mirror-Image Arrangement (Situs Inversus)	37
	Left Isomerism (Polysplenia)	38
	Right Isomerism (Asplenia)	40
	References	42
	4 The Cardiac Position and Axis Orientation	43
	Introduction	43
	Heart in the Left Side of the Chest (Levocardia)	44
	Isomerism of the Atrial Appendages and Cardiac Position	49
	References	51
	5 Principles of Segmental Analysis	52
	Introduction	52
	The Atria	52
	The Ventricles	53
	The Arterial Trunks	55
	The Atrioventricular Connection	55
	The Ventriculoarterial Connection	57
	References	61
	Part II Echocardiographic Projections - A Transverse Views of the Fetal Body	62
	6 The Transverse Views of the Upper Abdomen	63
	Introduction	63
	The Umbilical Cord Insertion	63
	The Lower Liver	64
	The Mid Liver	64
	The Portal Sinus	64
	The Infracardiac Vena Cava	67
	The Suprahepatic Veins	67
	References	69
	7 The Four-Chamber View	70
	The Section Plane	70
	The Normal Morphology	70
	The Normal Echocardiogram – 2D	71
	Dimensions of the Heart	74
	Measurement	74
	Ventricular Function	76
	The Normal Echocardiogram – Color Flow Mapping and Pulsed Doppler	76
	Four-Chamber-View Checklist	83
	References	85
	8 The Five-Chamber View	87
	The Section Plane	87
	The Normal Morphology	87
	The Normal Echocardiogram – 2D	87
	The Normal Echocardiogram – Color Flow Mapping and Pulsed Doppler	89
	References	96
	9 The Three-Vessel View	97
	Introduction	97
	The Normal Morphology	97
	The Normal Echocardiogram – 2D	98
	The Normal Echocardiogram – Color Flow Mapping and Pulsed Doppler	98
	Three-Vessel-View Abnormalities	99
	Ascending Aorta and Pulmonary Artery Disproportion	106
	Aortic Arch Sidedness	106
	Relationship of the Great Arteries and Cardiac Connections	106
	References	109
	10 The Arterial Duct Transverse View	110
	The Section Plane	110
	The Normal Morphology	110
	The Normal Echocardiogram – 2D	111
	The Normal Echocardiogram – Color Flow Mapping and Pulsed Doppler	111
	The Arterial Duct – Reversed Flow	112
	The Arterial Duct – Short Length	114
	The Arterial Duct – Abnormal Shape	114
	The Arterial Duct – Premature Constriction or Closure	117
	The Arterial Duct – Abnormal Position	119
	References	120
	11 The Aortic Arch Transverse View	121
	The Section Plane	121
	The Normal Morphology	121
	The Normal Echocardiogram – 2D	121
	The Normal Echocardiogram – Color Flow Mapping and Pulsed Doppler	123
	Aortic Arch Abnormal Size	124
	Aortic Arch Interruption	125
	Aortic Arch Sidedness	125
	References	129
	12 The Arterial Duct and Aortic Arch Transverse View	130
	The Section Plane	130
	The Normal Morphology	130
	The Normal Echocardiogram – 2D	130
	The Normal Echocardiogram – Color Flow Mapping	131