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Dendritic Cells in Cancer

:	Russell D. Salter, Michael R. Shurin
:	Michael R Shurin, Russell D. Salter
:	Dendritic Cells in Cancer
:	Springer-Verlag
:	9780387886114
:	1
:	CHF 132.50
:

:	Nichtklinische Fächer
:	English

:	396
:	Wasserzeichen/DRM
:	PC/MAC/eReader/Tablet
:	PDF

It covers all aspects of DC generation, function, survival and antitumor activity in the tumor environment both in vivo and in experimental in vitro systems. The goal in focusing on a spectrum of issues related to DC in cancer is to provide an extensive and expansive review rather than a collection of independent analyses from different authors.

Specific topics to be covered include analysis of DC behavior in the tumor microenvironment, including endogenous and exogenous DC, multiple DC populations, molecular pathways responsible for DC dysfunction, tumor-derived factors altering DC polarization and activation, mechanisms of DC alterations, and the role of DC in tumor escape from immune recognition and elimination. Furthermore, additional chapters provide extensive analysis of the consequences of cancer therapy on the DC system and how aging impacts DC function in the tumor microenvironment. Finally, chapters are included examining strengths and pitfalls of current methodologies for generating DC from cancer patients for therapeutic purposes and on the role of tumor-mediated modulation of the DC system in cancer immunotherapy.

	Dendritic Cells in Cancer	2
	Preface	5
	Contents	6
	Contributors	9
	Introduction	15
	The Central Role of Dendritic Cells in Immunity	16
	1.1 Dendritic Cell Subsets	16
	1.2 Dendritic Cells: Antigen Uptake and Processing	17
	1.3 Dendritic Cell Activation and Maturation	19
	1.4 Dendritic Cells in Directing T-Cell Responses	20
	1.5 Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells	21
	1.6 Conclusion	22
	References	23
	Dendritic Cells in Cancer: Emergence of the Discipline	26
	2.1 Discovery of Dendritic Cells	26
	2.2 Dendritic Cells in Cancer: Recognition of Their Functional Significance	28
	2.3 Dendritic Cells in Cancer: Recognition of Their Role in Tumor Escape	32
	2.4 Dendritic Cells in Cancer: Recognition of the Diversity of Regulatory Roles	35
	References	37
	Part 1: Alterations of the Dendritic Cell System in Cancer	46
	Tumor-Infiltrating Dendritic Cells: The Pathologist’s Perspective	47
	3.1 Dendritic Cells at the Tumor Site: Introduction	47
	3.2 TIDC: Technical Aspects	49
	3.3 TIDC in Head and Neck Malignancy	51
	3.4 TIDC in Digestive System Malignancy	53
	3.5 TIDC in Pulmonary Malignancy	54
	3.6 TIDC in Genitourinary Malignancy	55
	3.7 TIDC in Breast Carcinoma	56
	3.8 TIDC in Gynecologic Malignancy	56
	3.9 TIDC in Malignant Melanoma	57
	3.10 TIDC in Pediatric Malignancy	58
	3.11 Conclusions	58
	3.12 Future Directions	61
	References	62
	Functional Defects of Dendritic Cells in Cancer	70
	4.1 Introduction	70
	4.2 Uptake and Processing of Antigens	72
	4.3 Migration	73
	4.4 Maturation, Antigen Presentation and Co-Stimulation	75
	4.5 Cytokine Production	78
	4.6 Concluding Remarks	80
	References	81
	General Properties of Dendritic Cell Populations in Cancer	89
	5.1 Introduction	89
	5.2 Factors Affecting Dendritic Cell Distribution in the Tumor Microenvironment	90
	5.3 Factors Affecting Dendritic Cell Function in the Tumor Microenvironment	91
	5.4 Characteristics of Tumor Microenvironmental Dendritic Cells	91
	5.5 Strategies to Improve Tumor Microenvironmental Dendritic Cell Numbers or Function	93
	5.6 Murine Tumor Models to Study Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells in Cancer	93
	5.7 Human Cancers Amenable to Studies of Microenvironmental Dendritic Cells	94
	5.8 Conclusions	95
	References	95
	Elimination of Dendritic Cells in Cancer	100
	6.1 Introduction	100
	6.2 Blockage of Dendritic Cell Generation and Maturation	102
	6.3 Induction of Apoptosis in Dendritic Cells and Their Precursors	103
	6.4 Conclusions	106
	References	106
	Part 2: Mechanisms of Dendritic Cell Dysfunction in Cancer	111
	Tumor-Derived Factors Responsible for Dendritic Cell Dysfunction	112
	7.1 Introduction	112
	7.2 Cytokines and Growth Factors Affecting Dendritic Cell Differentiation	113
	7.3 Other Immune Mediators Affecting Dendritic Cell Differentiation	114
	7.4 Tumor Antigens and Metabolites Affecting Dendritic Cell Differentiation	117
	7.5 Implications of Altered Dendritic Cell Differentiation	117
	7.6 Tumor-Derived Factors and Dendritic Cell Apoptosis	119
	7.7 Concluding Remarks	120
	References	121
	Tumor-Derived Exosomes as Dendritic Cell Modulators	127
	8.1 Introduction	128
	8.2 Tumor-Derived Exosomes Immunophenotype	128
	8.3 Tumor-Derived Exosomes and the Induction of Dendritic Cell-Mediated Antigen Cross-Presentation	130
	8.4 Tumor-Derived Exosomes and the Impairment of Dendritic Cell Differentiation	131
	8.5 Driving the Interaction Between Tumor-Derived Exosomes and Dendritic Cells Toward Immune Stimulation: Is It Possible?	133
	References	134
	Signaling Pathways Mediating Dendritic Cell Dysfunction in Cancer	137
	9.1 Introduction	137
	9.2 MAPK-Signaling Pathways	138
	9.3 p38 MAPK in Dendritic Cell Differentiation, Maturation, and Activity	139
	9.4 p38 MAPK in Tumor-Induced Dendritic Cell Dysfunction	140
	9.5 ERK and Dendritic Cell Dysfunction in Cancer	142
	9.6 Role of JAK/STAT Signaling in Tumor-Induced Dendritic Cell Dysfunction	142
	9.7 Other Signaling Pathways in Tumor-Induced Dendritic Cell Dysfunction	143
	9.8 Conclusion	144
	References	145
	A Role for STAT3 in Dendritic Cell Regulation by Tumor-Derived Factors	151
	10.1 Introduction	151
	10.2 Overview of Jak/STAT Pathway	152
	10.3 Jak/STAT Signaling in Dendritic Cell Differentiation and Function	154
	10.4 Jak/STAT3 and Abnormal Dendritic Cell Differentiation and Maturation in Cancer	157
	10.5 Targeting Jak/STAT Pathway in Dendritic Cells	158
	10.6 Conclusions	160
	References	160
	Tumor-Associated Inflammation and Impact on Dendritic Cell Function	164
	11.1 Introduction: Tumor-Associated Inflammation	165
	11.2 Inflammation and Dendritic Cell Functions in the Proto-cancer	166
	11.3 Inflammation and Dendritic Cell Functions in Established Tumors	168
	11.4 Inflammation and Dendritic Cell Functions During Rejection of Established Tumors