ebook ebooks e-book e-books downloaden bei MyEbooks.ch downloaden

Integrative Wildlife Nutrition

:	Perry S. Barboza, Katherine L. Parker, Ian D. Hume
:	Integrative Wildlife Nutrition
:	Springer-Verlag
:	9783540878858
:	1
:	CHF 142.50
:

:	Zoologie
:	English

:	342
:	Wasserzeichen/DRM
:	PC/MAC/eReader/Tablet
:	PDF

Nutrition spans a wide range of mechanisms from acquisition of food to digestion, absorption and retention of energy substrates, water and other nutrients. Nutritional principles have been applied to improving individual health, athletic performance and longevity of humans and of their companion animals, and to maximizing agricultural efficiency by manipulating reproduction or growth of tissues such as muscle, hair or milk in livestock. Comparative nutrition borrows from these tra- tional approaches by applying similar techniques to studies of ecology and physiology of wildlife. Comparative approaches to nutrition integrate several levels of organization because the acquisition and flow of energy and nutrients connect individuals to populations, populations to communities, and communities to ecosystems. Integrative Wildlife Nutrition connects behavioral, morphological and biochemical traits of animals to the life history of species and thus the dynamics of populations. An integrated approach to nutrition provides a practical framework for understanding the interactions between food resources and wildlife popu- tions and for managing the harvest of abundant species and the conservation of threatened populations. This book is for students and professionals in animal physiology and ecology, conservation biology and wildlife management. It is based on our lectures, dem- strations and practical classes taught in the USA, Canada and Australia over the last three decades. Instructors can use Integrative Wildlife Nutrition as a text in wildlife and conservation biology programs, and as a reference source for related courses in wildlife ecology.

	Contributors	6
	Preface	9
	Acknowledgments	11
	Contents	12
	Abbreviations	16
	Introduction: Common Themes Across Diverse Taxa	18
	1.1 Resource Supply and Organismal Demand	18
	1.2 Principal Components of Animals and Plants	21
	1.3 Scaling Body Size and Demands for Energy and Nutrients	26
	1.4 Dietary Requirements and Nutritional Niche	28
	1.5 Summary: Introduction	32
	Part I Functional Relationships	34
	Food and Populations	35
	2.1 Population Growth and Animal Density	35
	2.2 Individual Demands and Food Limits	38
	2.3 Trophic Relationships	40
	2.4 Environmental Variation	44
	2.5 Summary: Populations	47
	Feeding Dynamics: Functional and Behavioral Responses	48
	3.1 Functional Response and Diet Breadth	49
	3.2 Predicting Foraging Behavior with Models	51
	3.3 Mechanics of Foraging	57
	3.4 Form and Function of the Mouth	58
	3.5 Mechanisms of Food Selection	63
	3.6 Summary: Feeding Dynamics	67
	Measuring Food Consumption	68
	4.1 Adjustment and Steady State	69
	4.2 Direct Measures of Intake	72
	4.3 Indirect Measures of Intake	78
	4.4 Summary: Food Consumption	87
	Digestive Function	88
	5.1 Food Intake, Digestive Efficiency and Digestive Tract Capacity	88
	5.2 Reaction Rates and Retention Time	93
	5.3 Common Functions of Digestive Systems	96
	5.4 Digesta Flow	102
	5.5 Optimizing Digestive Systems	106
	5.6 Summary: Digestive Function	108
	Part II Substrates and Tissue Constituents	109
	Carbohydrates: Sugars, Fiber and Fermentation	110
	6.1 Complementary Substrates for Metabolism	110
	6.2 Functions of Carbohydrates	111
	6.3 Functional Chemistry of Carbohydrates	112
	6.4 Digestion and Absorption of Non-Structural Carbohydrates	117
	6.5 Glucose Metabolism and Homeostasis	119
	6.6 Digestion of Structural Carbohydrates	122
	6.7 Microbial Fermentation	126
	6.8 Summary: Carbohydrates	131
	Lipids: Fatty Acids and Adipose Tissue	132
	7.1 Functional Chemistry of Fatty Acids	132
	7.2 Classes of Lipids	137
	7.3 Digestion and Transport of Lipids	139
	7.4 Fat Synthesis and Mobilization	142
	7.5 Summary: Lipids	144
	Nitrogenous Substrates: Nucleic Acids to Amino Excretion	145
	8.1 Amino Acids and Essentiality	145
	8.2 Proteins and Digestion	150
	8.3 Intermediary Metabolism of Amino Acids	154
	8.4 Nucleic Acids and Digestion	155
	8.5 Nitrogen Metabolism	157
	8.6 Nitrogen Balance and the Requirement for N	162
	8.7 Summary: Nitrogen	167
	Metabolic Constituents: Water, Minerals and Vitamins	169
	9.1 Water and Electrolytes	169
	9.2 Minerals	182
	9.3 Vitamins	202
	9.4 Summary: Metabolic Constituents	218
	Part III Energy and Integration	219
	Energy: Carbon as a Fuel and a Tissue Constituent	220
	10.1 Energy Flow and Balance	220
	10.2 Measuring Energy Expenditure	225
	10.3 Basal Metabolism and Maintenance of the Body	229
	10.4 Temperature	231
	10.5 Activity	237
	10.6 Energy Budgets and Field Metabolic Rate	242
	10.7 Body Condition	242
	10.8 Survival	248
	10.9 Reproduction	251
	10.10 Growth	260
	10.11 Summary: Energy	266
	Integrating Nutrient Supply and Demand in Variable Environments	267
	11.1 Neuro-Endocrine Integration of Food Intake and Metabolism	269
	11.2 Stressors	273
	11.3 Plasticity of Food Intake and Production	277
	11.4 Global Climate Change	285
	11.5 Resilience and Wildlife	288
	11.6 Conclusion	294
	References	295
	List of Common and Scientific Names of Animals and Plants	334
	Index	341