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Internationalisation of European ICT Activities Dynamics of Information and Communications Technology

:	Huub Meijers, Bernhard Dachs, Paul J. J Welfens
:	Huub Meijers, Bernhard Dachs, Paul J.J. Welfens
:	Internationalisation of European ICT Activities Dynamics of Information and Communications Technology
:	Springer-Verlag
:	9783540771098
:	1
:	CHF 85.50
:

:	Volkswirtschaft
:	English

:	352
:	Wasserzeichen/DRM
:	PC/MAC/eReader/Tablet
:	PDF

The internationalisation of information and communication has accelerated since the 1990s in Europe and worldwide. Taking a close look at the empirical analysis of competitive trade positions, trends in foreign direct investment and the internationalisation of research and development in ICT brings many new insights about the expansion in the EU's most dynamic sector. Moreover, the analysis discusses case studies on key players in ICT and suggests major policy

	Acknowledgement	5
	Table of Contents	6
	CHAPTER I. Introduction and Main Policy Lessons	11
	CHAPTER II. Concepts and Theory	16
	1 Introduction	16
	1.1 Basic Developments	16
	1.2 Network Dynamics	22
	1.3 Conceptual Approach	23
	1.4 ICT Market Dynamics, Outsourcing and Offshoring	33
	2 Interdependencies Between ICT, Growth and Internationalisation	44
	2.1 ICT and Growth	44
	2.2 Growth, Competitiveness and Outsourcing Dynamics	50
	2.3 A Closer Look on Digital Goods and IT Services	55
	2.4 International Outsourcing of ICT, Innovation and Foreign Direct Investment	64
	2.5 ICT Product Cycle	71
	3 Theoretical Perspectives on Internationalisation	74
	3.1 Standard Theoretical Perspectives on ICT Goods and ICT Services	74
	3.2 Management Theories	76
	3.3 Macroeconomic Theories on Internationalisation	81
	4 Conclusions	87
	4.1 Perspectives on ICT Market Dynamics	87
	4.2 Dynamics of Internationalisation	91
	CHAPTER III. Empirical Analysis of the Competitive Trade Position	94
	1 Introduction	94
	2 Size and Developments of European ICT Activities	95
	2.1 A Bird’s Eye View of European Trade in Goods and Services	96
	2.2 EU25’s Trade in ICT Goods and Services	98
	2.3 EU25 Trade in ICT Goods: Quality and Price Competition	102
	2.4 EU25 Trade in ICT Goods with the Rest of the World	102
	2.5 International Trade in ICT and Other Services	109
	2.6 EU25’s Trade Position in ICT Activities	114
	3 Selected Characteristics of ICT Activities	115
	3.1 Market Shares and Trends in the International Trade in ICT Goods10	115
	3.2 Revealed Comparative Advantage in ICT Goods and Services	117
	3.3 Value Added	121
	3.4 Quality of Labour and Value Added	123
	3.5 Level and Growth of Labour Productivity	125
	3.6 Unit Values, Revealed Comparative Advantages and Price and Quality Competition	130
	4 Other Developments in the Trade ICT Goods and Services During 1996-2004	135
	4.1 What Has Happened to the Trade in ICT Goods?	137
	4.2 Stagnation of Inter EU25 Trade in ICT Goods Despite Enlargement	139
	4.3 What Has Happened to the Trade in ICT Services?	139
	5 Conclusions	140
	CHAPTER IV. Trends in Foreign Direct Investment	142
	2 Outward FDI Stocks	144
	2.1 Office, Accounting	144
	144	144
	2.2 Radio and Television	144
	145	144
	2.3 Telecommunications (ISIC 6420)	145
	2.4 Computer	145
	148	145
	2.5 Research and Development (ISIC 73)	149
	2.6 Business Services n.e.c. (ISIC 74)	151
	2.7 Effects Explaining Outward FDI-to-Value-Added-Ratios	152
	3 Inward FDI Stocks	155
	3.1 Office, Accounting	155
	155	155
	3.2 Radio and Television	155
	157	155
	3.3 Telecommunications (ISIC 6420)	158
	3.4 Computer	158
	158	158
	3.5 Research and Development (ISIC 73)	159
	3.6 Business Services n.e.c. (ISIC 74)	160
	3.7 Effects explaining Inward FDI-to-Value-Added-Ratios	161
	CHAPTER V. Internationalisation of R	161
	167	161
	1 Introduction	167
	2 R	167
	167	167
	2.1 Home Base Exploiting Strategies	168
	2.2 Home Base Augmenting Strategies	169
	2.3 Extensions of the Basic Dichotomy	171
	3 Empirical Analysis	174
	3.1 Data and Methods	174
	3.2 Trends at the Country and Technology Level	179
	3.3 Internationalisation in ICT Patenting at the Company Level	182
	3.4 Technological Specialisation at Home and Abroad	187
	3.5 Recent Developments in the Internationalisation of R	187
	189	187
	4 Main Findings and Conclusions	195
	CHAPTER VI. From Case Studies: International Division of Labour Within ICT Companies	196
	1 Business Case Studies, Objective and Methodology	196
	2 Analysis on ICT Sub-Sectors of: Software, Hardware and Services	200
	2.1 Software Companies	200
	2.2 ICT Hardware Companies	202
	2.3 ICT Services Companies	203
	3 Motives and Models of Internationalisation	204
	4 International Division of ICT Business Functions, the Place of EU	208
	CHAPTER VII. Policy Analysis and Policy Conclusions	210
	1 Introduction	210
	2 Effects of Internationalisation	211
	2.1 Effects of ICT Internationalisation on the Target Country	212
	2.2 Effects of ICT Internationalisation on the Home Country	213
	2.3 Differentiation of Effects by ICT Segments	214
	3 Implications for Policy	216
	3.1 Key Findings on the Internationalisation of ICT	216
	3.2 Policy Conclusions	219
	4 Final Remarks	226
	References	227
	Appendix A.I Aspects of Internationalisation of Digital Goods Producers	245
	1 Accompanying MNEs: A Theoretical Approach with IT Services Providers	245
	2 Management Decisions of Digital Companies	253
	3 Market Entry of Digital Good Producers in a General Equilibrium Model	254
	4 Comparing the Models for IT Services and Digital Goods Providers	260
	Appendix A.II Additional Tables and Figures - Chapter II	262
	Appendix B Data Issues Related to Chapter III	272
	Appendix C Detailed Regression Results - Chapter IV	276
	Appendix D - Chapter V<