| Preface | 6 |
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| Contents | 9 |
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| List of Contributors | 12 |
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| Applications I Geophysics and Climate Simulations | 13 |
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| Sustained Performance of 10+ Teraflop/s in Simulation on Seismic Waves Using 507 Nodes of the Earth Simulator | 14 |
| 1 Introduction | 14 |
| 2 Numerical Technique | 15 |
| 3 Examples of 2004 Great Sumatra Earthquake | 17 |
| 4 Application to estimate the Earth s internal structure | 20 |
| 5 Discussion | 23 |
| Acknowledgments | 23 |
| References | 24 |
| Cloud-Resolving Simulation of Tropical Cyclones | 26 |
| 1 Numerical simulation of tropical cyclones | 26 |
| 2 Cloud-resolving models for simulations of tropical cyclones | 28 |
| 3 An experiment on effects of ice phase processes on an idealized tropical cyclone | 28 |
| 4 Future Perspective of Numerical Simulation of Tropical Cyclones | 34 |
| References | 34 |
| OPA9 French Experiments on the Earth Simulator and Teraflop Workbench Tunings | 36 |
| 1 Introduction | 36 |
| 2 Vertical pumping associated with eddies | 37 |
| 3 Oceanic CO | 39 |
| pumping and eddies | 39 |
| 4 Dynamics of deep equatorial transport and mixing | 40 |
| 5 First meters of the ocean and tropical climate variability | 41 |
| 6 Application tunings for vector computers under the Teraflop Workbench | 41 |
| 7 Conclusion | 44 |
| TERAFLOP Computing and Ensemble Climate Model Simulations | 46 |
| 1 Introduction | 46 |
| 2 The Dutch Computing Challenge Project | 47 |
| 3 The ESSENCE Project | 49 |
| 4 Summary and Conclusion | 52 |
| Acknowledgments | 52 |
| References | 53 |
| Applications II Computational Fluid Dynamics | 54 |
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| Current Capability of Unstructured-Grid CFD and a Consideration for the Next Step | 55 |
| 1 Introduction | 55 |
| 2 Will CFD take over wind tunnels? | 55 |
| 3 Rapid progress of computers | 56 |
| 4 Demands for next-generation CFD | 58 |
| 5 Building-Cube Method | 59 |
| 6 Conclusion | 62 |
| References | 62 |
| Smart Suction an Advanced Concept for Laminar Flow Control of Three- Dimensional Boundary Layers | 63 |
| 1 Introduction | 63 |
| 2 Laminar base flow | 65 |
| 3 Smart Suction | 67 |
| 4 Conclusions and Outlook | 69 |
| References | 70 |
| Supercomputing of Flows with Complex Physics and the Future Progress | 71 |
| 1 Introduction | 71 |
| 2 The Project: Numerical Turbine(NT) | 71 |
| 3 The Project: Supercritical-Fluids Simulator(SFS) | 76 |
| 4 Other Projects | 77 |
| 5 Concluding Remarks | 78 |
| References
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