| Preface | 5 |
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| Table of Contents | 6 |
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| LBS and TeleCartography: About the book | 21 |
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| Section I General Aspects | 32 |
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| Design constraints on operational LBS | 33 |
| Location Based Services and GIS in Perspective1 | 47 |
| A Market and User View on LBS | 66 |
| What makes Location-Based Services fail? | 78 |
| The Transition from Internet to Mobile Mapping | 92 |
| Theory and development of research in ubiquitous mapping | 108 |
| Section II Positioning | 126 |
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| Positioning LBS to the third dimension | 127 |
| Altitude Determination of a Pedestrian in a Multi-storey Building | 139 |
| Terminal-Centric Location Services in the IP Multimedia Subsystem | 151 |
| WiKaF - A Knowledge-based Kalman-Filter for Pedestrian Positioning | 163 |
| Map-independent positioning of land vehicles with causative modified motion equations | 173 |
| Section III Modelling and Awareness | 185 |
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| Shortest Path Search in Multi-Representation Street Databases | 186 |
| Region-Based Representation for Assistance with Spatio- Temporal Planning in Unfamiliar Environments | 200 |
| A Logic-Based Foundation for Spatial Relationships in Mobile GIS Environment | 213 |
| From Turn-By-Turn Directions to Overview Information on the Way to Take | 225 |
| Geocoding Japanese Walking Directions using Sidewalk Network Databases | 237 |
| The concept of relevance in mobile maps | 250 |
| A Knowledge-Based Map Adaptation Approach for Mobile Map Services | 266 |
| A visual editor for OGC SLD files for automating the configuration of WMS and mobile map applications | 284 |
| Towards Orientation-Aware Location Based Mobile Services | 298 |
| Geo-Services and Computer Vision for Object Awareness in Mobile System Applications | 310 |
| Section IV Visualisation and Cartographic Communication | 320 |
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| How to design a pedestrian navigation system for indoor and outdoor environments | 321 |
| Dancing_without_gravity: A story of interface design | 337 |
| Landmarks and the perception of a space in web-delivered 3D- worlds | 349 |
| Comparing the effects of different 3D representations on human wayfinding | 365 |
| An Approach towards Semantics-Based Navigation in 3D City Models on Mobile Devices | 377 |
| The World as a User Interface: Augmented Reality for Ubiquitous Computing | 389 |
| „Anywhere Augmentation“: Towards Mobile Augmented Reality in Unprepared Environments | 412 |
| Open Content Web Mapping Service: A Really Simple Syndication ( RSS) Approach | 436 |
| Section V Applications | 451 |
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| Mobile Landscapes: Graz in Real Time | 452 |
| The Spatial Accuracy of Mobile Positioning: Some experiences with Geographical Studies in Estonia | 464 |
| A Framework for Decision-Centred Visualisation in Civil Crisis Management | 480 |
| Providing an Information Infrastructure for Map Based LBS - The approach of the City of Vienna | 497 |
| MoGeo: A location-based educational service | 511 |
| Bata Positioning System - A real time tracking system for the world’s largest relay race | 528 |
| Smartphone-based information and navigation aids for public transport travellers | 542 |
| EASYGO – A public transport query and guiding LBS | 562 |
| Mobile City Explorer: An innovative GPS and Camera Phone Based Travel Assistant for City Tourists | 574 |
| Development of Cultural Inheritance Information System using LBS Technologies for Tourists | 591 |
| LWD-Infosystem Tirol – visual information about the current avalanche situation via mobile devices | 599 |
| Spatial tracking in sport | 608 |