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Migration of Organisms Climate. Geography. Ecology

:	Ashraf M. T. Elewa
:	Ashraf M.T. Elewa
:	Migration of Organisms Climate. Geography. Ecology
:	Springer-Verlag
:	9783540266044
:	1
:	CHF 85.20
:

:	Sonstiges
:	English

:	332
:	Wasserzeichen/DRM
:	PC/MAC/eReader/Tablet
:	PDF

Why do some animals migrate? How does migration affect the gene pool? This book discusses these questions and more, in light of the high evolutionary costs and risks of mass movement. The editor presents a collection of topics explaining the migration of organisms through many examples of different groups of marine and non-marine organisms, from micro-invertebrates to large mammals.

	Dedication	5
	Foreword	6
	Table of Contents	8
	1 Introduction	14
	References	18
	2 Active migration and passive transport of marine organisms in the fossil record	20
	2.1 Abstract	20
	2.2 Introduction	20
	2.3 Seasonal Migration	22
	2.4 Active unidirectional migration	24
	2.5 Imposed dispersion by submarine currents	29
	2.6 Nekroplanktonic dispersal	31
	2.7 Spurious migration	32
	2.8 Concluding commentary	33
	References	34
	3 Paleoecology and paleogeography of Eocene ostracod faunas from the Nile Valley between Minia and Maghagha, Upper Egypt	38
	3.1 Abstract	38
	3.2 Introduction	39
	3.3 Material and methods	39
	3.4 Stratigraphy	40
	3.5 Biofacies analysis of ostracod assemblages	44
	3.6 Ostracod population age-structure	48
	3.7 The depositional environment of the study area	49
	3.8 Paleogeographic distribution of the studied ostracods	50
	3.9 Acknowledgements	51
	3.10 Taxonomic notes	52
	References	76
	4 Morphological variability and adaptability in Egyptian Eocene ostracod species Paracosta mokattamensis ( Bassiouni)	84
	4.1 Abstract	84
	4.2 Introduction	84
	4.3 Material and measures	86
	4.4 Geometric morphometry	87
	4.5 Discussion and conclusions	91
	4.6 Acknowledgement	94
	References	94
	5 Insect migration and dispersal with emphasis on Mediterranean ecosystems	98
	5.1 Abstract	98
	5.2 What is insect migration and how it can be predicted?	99
	5.3 How migration is measured	103
	5.4 Why insects migrate?	108
	5.5 How insects migrate?	111
	5.6 Cost of migration	113
	5.7 Evolutionary traits associated with insect migrations	117
	5.8 How insects face global climate change?	120
	5.9 Two example cases of insect migration	126
	5.10 Concluding remarks	128
	5.11 Acknowledgements	130
	References	131
	6 Migration and adaptation of late Cenozoic cold-water molluscs in the North Pacific	140
	6.1 Abstract	140
	6.2 Introduction	140
	6.3 Material and Methods	142
	6.4 Trans-Pacific migration	143
	6.5 Pattern of origin, migration and adaptation	148
	6.6 Causes of origin, migration and adaptation	149
	6.7 Plio-Pleistocene expansion of cold-water species	151
	6.8 Conclusions	155
	6.9 Acknowledgements	156
	References	156
	7 Migration in amphibians and reptiles: An overview of patterns and orientation mechanisms in relation to life history strategies	164
	7.1 Abstract	164
	7.2 Introduction	165
	7.3 Homing and Orientation	168
	7.4 Patterns of Amphibian Migration	169
	7.5 Homing and Orientation in Amphibians	175
	7.6 Patterns of Reptilian Migration	179
	7.7 Homing and Orientation in Reptiles	190
	7.8 Conclusion	197
	References	197
	8 Glacial Retreat and its Influence on Migration of Mitochondrial Genes in the Long- toed Salamander ( Ambystoma macrodactylum) in Western North America	218
	8.1 Abstract	218
	8.2 Introduction	219
	8.3 Phylogeographical Setting	221
	8.4 Glaciation, Speciation and Range Dynamics	222
	8.5 Biogeography and Ecological Demographics of the Long- toed Salamander	223
	8.6 The Biology of Ambystoma macrodactylum	224
	8.7 Comparative Phylogeography and Distribution of the Long- toed Salamander	225
	8.8 Mitochondria and Phylogeography	227
	8.9 Methods, Approaches, and Outcomes of Genetic Analyses	228
	8.10 Relevant Patterns of Population Structure in Ambystoma macrodactylum in Space and Time	237
	8.11 Conclusion	248
	References	250
	9 The geography of a faunal turnover: tracking the Vallesian Crisis	260
	9.1 Abstract	260
	9.2 Climatic change and mammalian faunal dynamics	261
	9.3 The Vallesian Crisis and the late Miocene faunal turnover	262
	9.4 Material and methods	264
	9.5 Results	270
	9.6 Acknowledgements	299
	References	300
	Appendix	305
	10 Evaluating the roles of connectivity and environment on faunal turnover: patterns in recent and fossil Iberian mammals	314
	10.1 Abstract Abstract Abstract Abstract	314
	10.2 Introduction	315
	10.3 Assessing the role of environment, habitat and connectivity on recent mammal communities	316
	10.4 Assessing connectivity, model performance, and ß-diversity patterns in the Iberian mammals during the Neogene	327
	10.5 Further insights	335
	10.6 Acknowledgements	336
	References	337
	Index	342