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Extrusion in Ceramics

:	Frank Händle.
:	Frank Händle
:	Extrusion in Ceramics
:	Springer-Verlag
:	9783540271024
:	1
:	CHF 124.10
:

:	Chemische Technik
:	English

:	413
:	Wasserzeichen/DRM
:	PC/MAC/eReader/Tablet
:	PDF

Frank Handle ¨ 1.1 What to Expect For some time now, I have been toying around with the idea of writing a book about 'Ceramic Extrusion', because to my amazement I have been unable to locate a single existing, comprehensive rundown on the subject - much in contrast to, say, plastic extrusion and despite the fact that there are some outstanding contributions to be found about certain, individual topics, such as those in textbooks by Reed [1], Krause [2], Bender/Handle ¨ [3] et al. By way of analogy to Woody Allen's wonderfully ironic movie entitled 'Eve- thing You Always Wanted to Know about Sex', I originally intended to call this book 'Everything You Always Wanted to Know about Ceramic Extrusion', but - ter giving it some extra thought, I eventually decided on a somewhat soberer title. Nevertheless, my companion writers and I have done our best - considering our target group and their motives - not to revert to the kind of jargon that people use when they think the less understandable it sounds, the more scienti c it appears. This book addresses all those who are looking for a lot or a little general or selective information about ceramic extrusion and its sundry aspects. We realize that most of our readers will not be perusing this book just for fun or out of intellectual curiosity, but because they hope to get some use out of it for their own endeavours.

	Contents	6
	List of Contributors	8
	Acknowledgements	10
	Introduction	11
	1.1 What to Expect	11
	1.2 History of an Obsession	12
	1.3 About the Various Contributions	15
	1.4 Famous LastWords	18
	References	21
	Shaping in Ceramic Technology – An Overview	23
	2.1 Dry Pressing	24
	2.2 Extruding	31
	2.3 Slip Casting	33
	References	40
	Current Classification of Ceramic Materials	44
	3.1 Classification by Application or Chemical-Mineralogical Structure	44
	References	65
	Types of Extrusion Units	67
	4.1 Classification by the Range of Application	68
	4.2 Classification by the Product to be Extruded	70
	4.3 Classification by the Arrangement of the Auger Shaft and Direction of Column Exit	70
	4.4 Classification by the Diameter of the Extruder Barrel	73
	4.5 Classification by the Number of Auger Shafts	74
	4.6 Classification by the Consistency of the Body to be Processed	76
	4.7 Classification by the Design of the Extruder Barrel	77
	4.8 Classification by the Design and Mounting of the Augers	80
	4.9 Classification by Specific Extrusion Method	81
	4.10 Classification by the Type of De-Airing Device Employed	85
	4.11 Classification by the Extruder Design Features	85
	4.12 Classification by the Design of the De-Airing Mixer	89
	4.13 Classification by the Design Version of the Combined De- Airing Extrusion Unit	89
	References	92
	A Short History of the Extruder in Ceramics	93
	5.1 The Development of the Extruder and Column Shaping	94
	5.2 The Development of Individual Extruder Components	109
	5.3 The Development of the Vacuum Extruder and Combined De- Airing Extrusion Unit	126
	5.4 The Extruder in the Different Fields of Ceramics	129
	5.5 Chronology of Extrusion in Ceramics	132
	References	135
	The Principle of the Auger Extruder	137
	6.1 Introduction	137
	6.2 Liquid Phase and Additives	137
	6.3 Physics of Process Steps	138
	6.4 Engineering Implementation	142
	6.5 Other Types of Product	144
	6.6 Range of Product Size and Shape	146
	6.7 Other Technologies	146
	6.8 Final View	147
	References	148
	Rheology of Ceramic Bodies	149
	7.1 Introduction	149
	7.2 The Material Law	149
	7.3 Dynamic Consideration of Cylindrical-Tube Pressure Flow of Bingham Media with Wall Slippage	156
	7.4 True Flow Curve	158
	7.5 The Rheological Simulation Model	161
	7.6 Summary and Prospects	165
	References	167
	Rheology and Extrudability of Ceramic Compounds	168
	8.1 Introduction	168
	8.2 Rheological Test Methods for Describing Extrudability	170
	8.3 Summary	178
	References	178
	Scenarios of Extrusion	179
	9.1 Introduction	179
	9.2 Functioning of Screw Extruders	179
	9.3 Measures	186
	9.4 Conclusion	191
	References	192
	Laminations in Extrusion	193
	10.1 Definition	193
	10.2 Causes of the Development of Laminations and Different Types of Laminations	194
	10.3 De-Airing Laminations	205
	10.4 Laminations as a Result of Inhomogeneous Body	207
	10.5 Methods for Detection and Evaluation of Laminations	207
	10.6 Opportunities for Minimising Detrimental Effects Caused by Laminations	211
	10.7 Conclusion	214
	References	215
	Additives for Extrusion	217
	11.1 Introduction	217
	11.2 Additive Types	220
	11.3 The Chemical Structure and Mechanism of Action of Plasticizing Additives	222
	11.4 Summary	225
	References	226
	Dies, Pressure Heads, Strainer Plates and More	227
	12.1 Outline/Introduction	227
	12.2 Specific Characteristics of Ceramic Extrusion Body with Regard to Shaping	228
	12.3 Factors of Influence to be Considered for the Design of Extrusion Tools	228
	12.4 Combination Pressure Head and Die Assemblies for Technical Ceramics	229
	12.5 Combination Pressure Head and Die Assemblies in Heavy Clay Ceramics	233
	Conclusions	237
	12.6 Brief Overview of Tribomaterials Customarily Employed in Ceramic Extrusion Tools	244
	12.7 Closing Remarks	245
	References	245
	Twin-Screw Extruders in Ceramic Extrusion	246
	13.1 Introduction	246
	13.2 History of Batch and Continuous Kneading	246
	13.3 Working Principle of Co-Rotating Twin-Screw Extruders	249
	13.4 High-Torque Versus High-Volume Extruders	251
	13.5 Compounding Applications with High Solid Contents	254
	13.6 Ceramic Extrusion Plants	255
	13.7 Summary	262