| Contents | 12 |
|---|
| 1 Introduction | 21 |
|---|
| Part I Basics | 23 |
|---|
| 2 Electromagnetic Fields | 25 |
| 2.1 Maxwell’s Equations | 25 |
| 2.2 Material Equations | 26 |
| 2.3 Boundary Conditions | 28 |
| 2.4 Waves in Free Space | 29 |
| 2.5 Polarization | 31 |
| 2.6 Waves in Lossy Media | 32 |
| 2.7 Energy Conservation | 34 |
| 2.8 Electromagnetic Potentials | 35 |
| 2.9 Green’s Function | 37 |
| 2.10 Waves on Transmission Lines | 38 |
| 3 Radiofrequency and Antenna Theory | 43 |
| 3.1 Scattering Parameters | 43 |
| 3.2 Resonators and Antennas | 47 |
| 3.3 Antenna Parameters | 48 |
| 3.4 Antenna Arrays | 57 |
| Part II Numerical Methods | 63 |
|---|
| 4 Numerical Methods | 65 |
| 4.1 General Aspects of Numerical Modeling Software | 66 |
| 4.2 Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) | 68 |
| 4.3 Method of Moments (MoM) | 86 |
| 4.4 Finite-Element Method (FEM) | 93 |
| 4.5 Other Methods | 98 |
| 5 Creating an Efficient Simulation Model | 101 |
| 5.1 General Structure of Numerical Modeling Software | 101 |
| 5.2 Geometry | 104 |
| 5.3 Material Properties | 109 |
| 5.4 Ports | 110 |
| 5.5 Lumped Circuit Elements | 114 |
| 5.6 Boundary Conditions | 114 |
| 5.7 Meshing | 117 |
| 5.8 Simulation Control Parameters | 119 |
| 5.9 Estimation of Required Resources | 120 |
| 5.10 Postprocessing | 121 |
| 5.11 Selection of Numerical Method | 122 |
| 5.12 Summary | 123 |
| 6 Canonical Examples | 127 |
| 6.1 Introduction | 127 |
| 6.2 Coaxial Line Discontinuity | 128 |
| 6.3 Coaxial Line Transition with Quarter Wavelength Transformer | 143 |
| 6.4 Microstrip Filter | 148 |
| 6.5 Feedpoint Impedance of a Dipole Antenna | 159 |
| 6.6 Aperture Antenna | 168 |
| 6.7 Planar Inverted-F Antenna (PIFA) | 177 |
| 6.8 Induced Current Density in Lossy Media | 191 |
| 6.9 Microstrip Gap in Resonant Cavity | 197 |
| Part III Applications | 209 |
|---|
| 7 Applications in Wireless Communications Systems | 211 |
| 7.1 GPS Antenna with Feeding Network | 211 |
| 7.2 Base Station Antenna for Cellular Networks | 227 |
| 7.3 Integrated Multiband Antennas for Mobile Phones | 245 |
| 7.4 Ultra-Wideband Antenna Design | 267 |
| References | 289 |
|---|
| Index | 293 |