ebook ebooks e-book e-books downloaden bei MyEbooks.ch downloaden

Advanced Time-Correlated Single Photon Counting Techniques

:	Wolfgang Becker
:	Advanced Time-Correlated Single Photon Counting Techniques
:	Springer-Verlag
:	9783540288824
:	1
:	CHF 133.60
:

:	Elektronik, Elektrotechnik, Nachrichtentechnik
:	English

:	401
:	Wasserzeichen/DRM
:	PC/MAC/eReader/Tablet
:	PDF

In 1984 Desmond O'Connor and David Phillips published their comprehensive book 'Time-correlated Single Photon Counting'. At that time time-correlated s- gle photon counting, or TCSPC, was used primarily to record fluorescence decay functions of dye solutions in cuvettes. From the beginning, TCSPC was an am- ingly sensitive and accurate technique with excellent time-resolution. However, acquisition times were relatively slow due to the low repetition rate of the light sources and the limited speed of the electronics of the 70s and early 80s. Moreover, TCSPC was intrinsically one-dimensional, i.e. limited to the recording of the wa- form of a periodic light signal. Even with these limitations, it was a wonderful te- nique. More than 20 years have elapsed, and electronics and laser techniques have made impressive progress. The number of transistors on a single chip has approximately doubled every 18 months, resulting in a more than 1,000-fold increase in compl- ity and speed. The repetition rate and power of pulsed light sources have increased by about the same factor.

Wolfgang Becker is a specialist of optical short-time measurement techniques and obtained his PhD 1979 in Berlin, Germany. Since 1993 he is the head of Becker & Hickl GmbH in Berlin. His field of interest is development and application of time-correlated single photon counting techniques. He is an amatuer astronomer and telescope maker and likes cats, skiing and beach volleyball.

	Preface	5
	Contents	7
	List of Technical Terms and Symbols	12
	1 Optical Signal Recording	19
	2 Overview of Photon Counting Techniques	28
	2.1 Steady-State Photon Counting	28
	2.2 Gated Photon Counting	29
	2.3 Multichannel Scalers	33
	2.4 Time-Correlated Single Photon Counting (TCSPC)	37
	3 Multidimensional TCSPC Techniques	43
	3.1 Multidetector TCSPC	45
	3.2 Multiplexed TCSPC	49
	3.3 Sequential Recording Techniques	51
	3.4 Scanning Techniques	53
	3.5 Imaging by Position-Sensitive Detection	55
	3.6 Time-Tag Recording	59
	3.7 Multimodule Systems	61
	4 Building Blocks of Advanced TCSPC Devices	63
	4.1 Constant-Fraction Discriminators	63
	4.2 Time Measurement Block	66
	5 Application of Modern TCSPC Techniques	77
	5.1 Classic Fluorescence Lifetime Experiments	77
	5.2 Multispectral Fluorescence Lifetime Experiments	100
	5.3 Excitation-Wavelength Multiplexing	103
	5.4 Transient Fluorescence Lifetime Phenomena	106
	5.5 Diffuse Optical Tomography (DOT) and Photon Migration	113
	5.6 Autofluorescence of Biological Tissue	137
	5.7 TCSPC Laser Scanning Microscopy	145
	5.8 Other TCSPC Microscopy Techniques	179
	5.9 Picosecond Photon Correlation	185
	5.10 Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy	192
	5.11 Combinations of Correlation Techniques	203
	5.12 The Photon Counting Histogram	207
	5.13 Time-Resolved Single Molecule Spectroscopy	209
	5.14 Miscellaneous TCSPC Applications	217
	6 Detectors for Photon Counting	229
	6.1 Detector Principles	229
	6.2 Characterisation of Detectors	238
	6.3 Measurement of PMT Parameters	250
	6.4 Photon Counting Performance of Selected Detectors	258
	7 Practice of TCSPC Experiments	278
	7.1 Excitation Sources	278
	7.2 Optical Systems	283
	7.3 Detector Control and Overload Protection	317
	7.4 Generating the Synchronisation Signal	319
	7.5 System Connections	322
	7.6 Safety Considerations	330
	7.7 Setting the TCSPC System Parameters	332
	7.8 Differential Nonlinearity	345
	7.9 Counting Loss in TCSPC Systems	347
	7.10 Calibration of the Time Scale	360
	8 Final Remarks	362
	9 References	365
	Index	402