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Experimental Rock Deformation - The Brittle Field The Brittle Field

:	M.S. Paterson, Teng-fong Wong
:	Experimental Rock Deformation - The Brittle Field The Brittle Field
:	Springer-Verlag
:	9783540263395
:	2
:	CHF 207.60
:

:	Geologie
:	English

:	348
:	Wasserzeichen/DRM
:	PC/MAC/eReader/Tablet
:	PDF

This monograph deals with the part of the field of experimental rock deformation that is dominated by the phenomena of brittle fracture on one scale or another. Thus a distinction has been drawn between the fields of brittle and ductile behaviour in rock, corresponding more or less to a distinction between the phenomena of fracture and flow. The last chapter deals with the transition between the two fields. In this new edition an attempt has been made to take into account new developments of the last two and a half decades. To assist in this project, the original author greatly appre- ates being joined by the second author. The scope of the monograph is limited to the mechanical properties of rock viewed as a material on the laboratory scale. Thus, the topic and approach is of a 'materials science' kind rather than of a 'structures' kind. We are dealing with only one part of the wider field of rock mechanics, a field which also includes structural or boundary value problems, for example, those of the stability of slopes, the collapse of mine openings, earthquakes, the folding of stratified rock, and the convective motion of the Earth's mantle. One topic thus excluded is the role of jointing, which it is commonly necessary to take into account in applications in engineering and mining, and pr- ably often in geology too. Shock phenomena have also not been covered.

	Preface	5
	Contents	7
	Introduction	11
	Experimental Procedures	14
	The Triaxial Test	14
	Other Types of Tests	24
	Experimental Studies on the Brittle Fracture Stress	26
	Introduction	26
	Types of Fractures	27
	Observed Stresses at Brittle Failure	30
	Influence of Strain Rate, Temperature, and Time	36
	Size and Shape Effects	39
	Influence of Intermediate Principal Stress	44
	Anisotropy	47
	Griffith Theory of Brittle Failure	54
	Introduction	54
	Uniaxial Tension	55
	Uniaxial Compression and Biaxial Stresses	58
	Triaxial Stresses	60
	Modified Griffith Theory (Closed Cracks)	62
	Extension of the Griffith Approach to Other Modes of Localized Inelastic Failure	64
	General Comment on Griffith-Type Theories	65
	Evolution of Physical Properties during Brittle Failure	67
	Introduction	67
	Pre-peak and Post-peak Behaviour	68
	Volume Changes	76
	Elastic Wave Speeds and Attenuation	84
	Transport Properties	96
	Acoustic Emission	101
	Microscopical Observations	107
	A Synoptic View of Brittle Failure	119
	Micromechanics of Brittle Fracture	123
	Introduction	123
	Micromechanical Theory for Compact Rock	124
	Micromechanical Theory for Porous Rock	142
	Localization Theory	145
	The Role of Pore Fluids	154
	Introduction	154
	The Notion of Effective Stress	155
	Elastic Properties of Porous Media	156
	Brittle Failure – Experimental	162
	Brittle Failure – Theory of Pore Pressure Effects	168
	Friction and Sliding Phenomena	171
	Introduction	171
	Coefficient of Friction	172
	Phenomenology of Frictional Behaviour	179
	Physical Aspects of Rock Friction	204
	Brittle-Ductile Transition	216
	Introduction	216
	Experimental Observations	217
	Physical Basis of the Brittle-Ductile Transition	227
	Ductile to Brittle Transitions	238
	Fracture Mechanics	243
	Stress Intensity Analysis	243
	Critical Parameters for Failure	246
	Dynamic and Kinetic Effects	248
	Plasticity Theory and Localization Analysis	251
	Introduction	251
	Constitutive Relations for a Material without Pressure Dependence or Dilatancy	252
	Constitutive Model for Dilatant, Pressure-Sensitive Materials	254
	Bifurcation, Instability and Shear Localization	258
	Constitutive Relations for Friction	261
	Introduction	261
	Friction Law	262
	Evolution Law	263
	Time-Dependent Evolution during Stationery Contact	265
	Analysis of Frictional Stability – Stick-Slip	266
	Influence of Normal Stress and Temperature	267
	References	270
	Index	337