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Life - As a Matter of Fat The Emerging Science of Lipidomics

:	Ole G. Mouritsen
:	Life - As a Matter of Fat The Emerging Science of Lipidomics
:	Springer-Verlag
:	9783540270768
:	1
:	CHF 78.70
:

:	Biochemie, Biophysik
:	English

:	276
:	Wasserzeichen/DRM
:	PC/MAC/eReader/Tablet
:	PDF

Presents a multi-disciplinary perspective on the physics of life and the particular role played by lipids and the lipid-bilayer component of cell membranes.

< >By combining and synthesizing insights obtained from a variety of recent studies, an attempt is made to clarify what membrane structure is and how it can be quantitatively described.

App ications of lipids in nano-technology and biomedicine are also described.

	Acknowledgments	7
	Contents	9
	Abbreviations	13
	Prologue: Lipidomics A Science Beyond Stamp Collection	14
	The Overlooked Molecules	19
	1 Life from Molecules	20
	1.1 The Three Kingdoms of Life	20
	1.2 The Molecules of Life	21
	1.3 The Post-Genomic Era	27
	1.4 A Call for Physics	30
	2 Head and Tail	33
	2.1 Fat Family: Fats and Fatty Acids	33
	2.2 The Polar Lipids Both Head and Tail	36
	2.3 Cholesterol A Lipid of Its Own	38
	2.4 Strange Lipids	39
	2.5 Lipid Composition of Membranes	41
	3 Oil and Water	42
	3.1 Water The Biological Solvent	42
	3.2 The Hydrophobic Effect	43
	3.3 Mediating Oil and Water	44
	3.4 Self-Assembly and the Lipid Aggregate Family	46
	3.5 Plucking Lipids	49
	4 Lipids Speak the Language of Curvature	52
	4.1 How Large Is a Lipid Molecule?	52
	4.2 Lipid Molecules Have Shape	55
	4.3 Lipid Structures with Curvature	55
	4.4 Microorganisms Sense of Curvature	60
	5 A Matter of Softness	62
	5.1 Soft Matter	62
	5.2 Soft Interfaces	62
	5.3 Forces Between Soft Interfaces	67
	5.4 Lipid Membranes are Really Soft	68
	6 Soft Shells Shape Up	72
	6.1 Bending Interfaces	72
	6.2 Spontaneous Curvature	75
	6.3 Shaping Membranes	76
	6.4 Red Blood Cells Shape Up	77
	7 Biological Membranes Models and Fashion	81
	7.1 What Is a Model?	81
	7.2 Brief History of Membrane Models	82
	7.3 Do We Need a New Membrane Model?	84
	7.4 Theoretical and Experimental Model Systems	86
	Lipids Make Sense	87
	8 Lipids in Bilayers A Stressful and Busy Life	88
	8.1 Trans-bilayer Structure	88
	8.2 The Lateral Pressure Profile	90
	8.3 How Thick Are Membranes?	92
	8.4 Lively Lipids on the Move	93
	9 The More We Are Together	97
	9.1 Phase Transitions Between Order and Disorder	97
	9.2 Lipids Have Phase Transitions	100
	9.3 Mixing Different Lipids	104
	9.4 Cholesterol Brings Lipids to Order	106
	10 Lipids in Flatland	110
	10.1 Gases, Liquids, and Solids in Two Dimensions	110
	10.2 Langmuir and Langmuir-Blodgett Films	112
	10.3 Pattern Formation in Lipid Monolayers	115
	10.4 Lipids Make the Lung Work	117
	11 Social Lipids	122
	11.1 Lateral Membrane Structure	122
	11.2 Imaging Lipid Domains	126
	11.3 Lipid Rafting	129
	11.4 Domains and Rafts Carry Function	132
	12 Lively Lipids Provide for Function	134
	12.1 Leaky and Thirsty Membranes	134
	12.2 Repelling Membranes	136
	12.3 Enzymes Can Sense Membrane Transitions	138
	12.4 Lipid Thermometer in Lizards	140
	13 Proteins at Lipid Mattresses	142
	13.1 Coming to Terms with Lipids	142
	13.2 Anchoring at Membranes	144
	13.3 Spanning the Membrane	147
	Lipids in Action	151
	14 Cholesterol on the Scene	152
	14.1 Molecule of the Century	152
	14.2 Evolutionary Perfection of a Small Molecule	153
	14.3 Cholesterol Fit for Life	155
	14.4 Cholesterol As a Killer	159
	15 Lipids in Charge	161
	15.1 Lipids and Proteins Match Up	161
	15.2 Stressing Proteins to Function	167
	15.3 Lipids Opening Channels	171
	15.4 Lipids Mediate Fusion	172
	16 Being Smart A Fishy Matter of Fat	175
	16.1 The Essential Fatty Acids	175
	16.2 Evolution of the Human Brain	177
	16.3 Lipids at the Border of Madness	179
	17 Liquor and Drugs As a Matter of Fat	182
	17.1 Lipids Are Targets for Drugs	182
	17.2 Alcohol and Anesthesia	183
	17.3 Poking Holes in Membranes	185
	17.4 Gramicidin the Portable Hole	187
	18 Lipid Eaters	190
	18.1 Enzymes That Break Down Lipids in Crowds	190
	18.2 Watching Enzymes at Work	193
	18.3 Lipids Going Rancid	194
	19 Powerful and Strange Lipids at Work	197
	19.1 The Impermeable Barrier Lipids in the Skin	197
	19.2 Surviving at Deep Sea and in Hot Springs	200
	19.3 Lipids As Messengers	203
	19.4 Lipids As a Matter of Death	205
	20 Survival by Lipids	208
	20.1 Lipids for Smart Nanotechnology	208
	20.2 Lipids Deliver Drugs	213
	20.3 Liposomes As Magic Bullets	215
	20.4 Lipids Fighting Cancer	218
	Epilogue: Fat for Future	223
	Bibliography	225
	Sources for Figures	247
	Index	252