| Preface | 5 |
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| Contents | 6 |
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| Contributors | 8 |
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| General Outlook and Possibilities | 11 |
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| Literature-Based Discovery? The Very Idea | 12 |
| 1 Complementarity of Hybridity and Cytology: The Birth of Cytogenetics | 12 |
| 2 Suggestive Complementarity and the ABC Model | 14 |
| 3 What People | 14 |
| 3 What People | 14 |
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| 15 | 14 |
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| 4 Fragmentation of Science | 16 |
| 5 A Problem-Oriented Approach | 17 |
| 6 Complementary but Disjoint Structures in the Literature of Science | 18 |
| 7 Summing Up | 19 |
| 7.1 Postscript: A Warning About Consequences | 19 |
| References | 19 |
| The Place of Literature-Based Discovery in Contemporary Scientific Practice | 21 |
| 1 Introduction | 21 |
| 2 A Case Study | 22 |
| 3 Re-defining Success in LBD | 25 |
| 4 Gold Standards | 26 |
| 5 Concluding Remarks | 28 |
| References | 28 |
| The Tip of the Iceberg: The Quest for Innovation at the Base of the Pyramid | 31 |
| 1 The Base of the Pyramid and Innovation | 32 |
| 2 Disruptive Technologies | 36 |
| 3 Application of Literature Based Discovery | 37 |
| 4 Discovery: West to South | 40 |
| 5 New Frontiers in Literature-Based Discovery | 43 |
| References | 43 |
| The ‘Open Discovery’ Challenge | 46 |
| 1 Introduction | 46 |
| 1.1 Text-Based Knowledge Discovery | 47 |
| 1.2 General Approach | 50 |
| 1.3 Previous LBD Applications | 52 |
| 1.4 Improving on Co-Occurrences | 53 |
| 1.5 Using History as a Guide to the Future | 57 |
| 1.6 Literature Limitations | 59 |
| 1.7 Integrating Gene Expression Measurements | 60 |
| 2 Summary | 60 |
| References | 61 |
| Where is the Discovery in Literature-Based Discovery? | 63 |
| 1 Discovery and Innovation Definitions | 63 |
| 2 Radical Discovery | 64 |
| 3 Literature-Based Discovery | 65 |
| 4 Validating Potential Discovery (Vetting) | 67
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