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Groundwater Recharge from Run-off, Infiltration and Percolation

:	K.-P. Seiler, J.R. Gat
:	Groundwater Recharge from Run-off, Infiltration and Percolation
:	Springer-Verlag
:	9781402053061
:	1
:	CHF 132.90
:

:	Sonstiges
:	English

:	248
:	Wasserzeichen
:	PC/MAC/eReader/Tablet
:	PDF

To face the threats to the water supply and to maintain sustainable water management policies, detailed knowledge is needed on the surface-to-subsurface transformation link in the water cycle. Recharge flux is covered in this book as well as many other groundwater issues, including a comparison of the traditional and modern approaches to determine groundwater recharge. The authors also explain in detail the fate of groundwater recharge in the subsurface by hydraulic and geologic means, in order to stimulate adapted groundwater-management strategies.

	PREFACE	5
	TABLE OF CONTENTS	7
	ABBREVIATIONS AND DIMENSIONS	9
	DEFINITIONS	12
	CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION	15
	CHAPTER 2 THE WATER CYCLE	19
	2.1. DISTRIBUTION OF WATER ON EARTH	19
	2.2. THE CONTINENTAL WATER CYCLE	22
	2.2.1 The Components of the Water Cycle	24
	2.2.2 Characteristics of Different Climate Zones	28
	2.3. THE VADOSE ZONE AND ITS WATER BALANCE FOR DIFFERENT CLIMATE ZONES	30
	2.4. RECHARGEABLE AND FOSSIL GROUNDWATER AND WATER EXPLOITATION	35
	2.5. THE PLACE OF RECHARGE IN THE WATER CYCLE	41
	CHAPTER 3 MECHANISMS AND PROCESSES OF RECHARGE	44
	3.1. THE INPUT: PRECIPITATION AND SNOWMELT	45
	3.2. WET AND DRY DEPOSITION AT THE INTERFACE ATMOSPHERE/LITHOSPHERE/BIOSPHERE	50
	3.3. OVERLAND-FLOW AND INFILTRATION	56
	3.4. MATRIX-FLOW AND PREFERENTIAL-FLOW	63
	3.5. INTER-FLOW	69
	3.6. RIVER-INFILTRATION	72
	3.7. ARTIFICIAL RECHARGE	77
	3.8. WATER VAPOR-FLUXES IN THE SUBSURFACE	79
	CHAPTER 4 RESEARCH TOOLS AND METHODS IN THE STUDY OF RECHARGE	82
	4.1. WATER BALANCE ESTIMATES	83
	4.1.1 Estimate of Evapo-Transpiration	85
	4.1.2 Hydrograph Analysis	91
	4.1.3 Groundwater Level Fluctuations	97
	4.2. LYSIMETER STUDIES	98
	4.3. HYDRAULIC METHODS IN THE VADOSE ZONE	103
	4.4. ISOTOPE AND CHEMICAL TRACERS	111
	4.4.1 Stable and Radioactive Environmental Isotopes	117
	4.4.1.1 Preparation techniques	124
	4.4.1.2 Measuring techniques	126
	4.4.2 Environmental Tracers for Recharge Determination	127
	4.4.2.1 Environmental chloride	127
	4.4.2.2 Environmental tritium	132
	4.4.2.3 Environmental 2H and 18O	139
	4.4.3 Artificial Tracers	155
	4.4.4 Application of Tracers	161
	4.5. WATER SAMPLING AND SAMPLE CONSERVATION	163
	4.6. COMPARISON BETWEEN TRACERS AND CONVENTIONAL TECHNIQUES	166
	CHAPTER 5 RECHARGE UNDER DIFFERENT CLIMATE REGIMES	172
	5.1. HUMID CLIMATES	175
	5.1.1 Conceptual Models	179
	5.1.2 Water Balance and Separation of Discharge Components	183
	5.2. SEMI-ARID CLIMATE	186
	5.3. ARID CLIMATES	188
	5.4. COLD CLIMATES	197
	CHAPTER 6 MAN S IMPACT ON THE GROUNDWATER RECHARGE	200
	6.1. LAND USE CHANGE: AGRICULTURE	202
	6.2. LAND USE CHANGES: URBAN AREAS	208
	6.3. GLOBAL CHANGES AND THE WATER CYCLE	210
	BIBLIOGRAPHY	214
	SUBJECT INDEX	249