| Preface | 6 |
|---|
| Conference Proceedings | 8 |
|---|
| The Xth Oxford Conference: International Organizing Committee | 9 |
|---|
| The Xth Oxford Conference: Local Organizing Committee | 11 |
|---|
| The Xth Oxford Conference: Young Investigator Awards Selection Committee | 13 |
|---|
| Acknowledgements | 14 |
|---|
| Past Oxford Conferences | 17 |
|---|
| Contents | 19 |
|---|
| Erratum | 29 |
|---|
| Historical and Future Perspectives of the Control of Breathing | 30 |
|---|
| History of Measuring O2 and CO2 Responses | 31 |
| J.S. Haldane and Some of His Contributions to Physiology | 37 |
| Control of the Exercise Hyperpnea: The Unanswered Question | 44 |
| Oxygen Sensing and the Carotid Body | 50 |
|---|
| A Peripheral Oxygen Sensor Provides Direct Activation of an Identified Respiratory CPG Neuron in Lymnaea | 51 |
| Environmental Hyperoxia and Development of Carotid Chemoafferent Function | 56 |
| HSP70 Reduces Chronic Hypoxia-Induced Neural Suppression via Regulating Expression of Syntaxin | 61 |
| Effect of Systemic Administration of the Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitor L- NMMA on the Human Ventilatory Response to Hypoxia | 67 |
| Effects of Volatile Anesthetics on Carotid Body Response to Hypoxia in Animals | 72 |
| Mutation of the von Hippel-Lindau Gene Alters Human Cardiopulmonary Physiology | 77 |
| Intravenous Endothelin-1 and Ventilatory Sensitivity to Hypoxia in Humans | 83 |
| Key Roles for AMP-activated Protein Kinase in the Function of the Carotid Body? | 89 |
| Stimulatory Actions of Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase- Activating Polypeptide ( PACAP) in Rat Carotid Glomus Cells | 95 |
| Post-hypoxic Unstable Breathing in the C57BL/ 6J Mouse: Effects of Acetazolamide | 101 |
| Respiratory Rhythm Generation | 106 |
|---|
| Catecholaminergic Modulation of the Respiratory Rhythm Generator in the Isolated Brainstem Spinal Cord Preparation from Neonatal Rat | 107 |
| What Role Do Pacemakers Play in the Generation of Respiratory Rhythm? | 112 |
| Pre-Bötzinger Complex Neurokinin-1 Receptor Expressing Neurons in Primary Cell Culture | 118 |
| Belt-and-Suspenders as a Biological Design Principle | 123 |
| Two Modes of Respiratory Rhythm Generation in the Newborn Rat Brainstem- Spinal Cord Preparation | 128 |
| Possible Roles of the Weakly Inward Rectifying K+ Channel Kir4.1 ( KCNJ10) in the Pre- Bötzinger Complex | 133 |
| Contribution of Pacemaker Neurons to Respiratory Rhythms Generation in vitro | 138 |
| Emergent Bursting in Small Networks of Model Conditional Pacemakers in the pre- Bötzinger Complex | 143 |
| Genes and Development | 149 |
|---|
| Brain Nuclei Controlling the Spinal Respiratory Motoneurons in the Newborn Mouse | 150 |
| Superoxide Dismutase-1 Influences the Timing and Post- hypoxic Stability of Neonatal Breathing | 156 |
| Neurodevelopmental Abnormalities in the Brainstem of Prenatal Mice Lacking the Prader- Willi Syndrome Gene Necdin | 162 |
| Consequences of Prenatal Exposure to Diazepam on the Respiratory Parameters, Respiratory Network Activity and Gene Expression of a1 and a2 Subunits of GABAA Receptor in Newborn Rat | 167 |
| Modulation of Perinatal Respiratory Rhythm by GABAA- and Glycine Receptor-mediated Chloride Conductances | 172 |
| Laryngeal Stimulation by an Acid Solution in the Pre- term Lamb | 177 |
| Necdin Gene, Respiratory Disturbances and Prader- Willi Syndrome | 182 |
| Models of Gas Exchange | 188 |
|---|
| Quantitative Analysis of the Oxygen Transfer in the Human Acinus | 189 |
| Role of Diffusion Screening in Pulmonary Diseases | 195 |
| A dp/dt Method to Assess Dynamic Properties of Lung Mechanoreceptors | 201 |
| Pulmonary Gas Exchange in Anatomically- Based Models of the Lung | 206 |
| Multi-scale Models of the Lung Airways and Vascular System | 212 |
| Modeling Structure-Function Interdependence of Pulmonary Gas Exchange | 217 |
| Plasticity and Adaptation | 223 |
|---|
| Ventilatory Control during Intermittent High- Intensity Exercise in Humans | 224 |
| Exercise-induced Respiratory Muscle Work: Effects on Blood Flow, Fatigue and Performance | 230 |
| Phase Relations Between Rhythmical Movements and Breathing in Wind Instrument Players | 234 |
| The Effect of Two Different Intermittent Hypoxia Protocols on Ventilatory Responses to Hypoxia and Carbon Dioxide at Rest | 239 |
| Respiratory Long-Term Facilitation: Too Much or Too Little of a Good Thing? | 245 |
| Contribution of Endothelin-1 and Endothelin A and B Receptors to the Enhanced Carotid Body Chemosensory Responses Induced by Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia | 249 |
| Intermittent Hypoxia Induces Respiratory Long- Term Facilitation in Postnatal Rats | 254 |
| Respiratory Control, Respiratory Sensations and Cycling Endurance After Respiratory Muscle Endurance Training | 260 |
| Non-dimensional Quantification of the Interactions Between Hypoxia, Hypercapnia and Exercise on Ventilation in Humans | 266 |
| Elevated Body Temperature Exaggerates Laryngeal Chemoreflex Apnea in Decerebrate Piglets | 270 |
| Neuromodulation | 276 |
|---|
| Effects of Systemic Administration of Mirtazapine on Respiratory Muscle Activity in Sleeping Rats | 277 |
| Control of Genioglossus Muscle by Sleep State- Dependent Neuromodulators | 282 |
| Significance of Multiple Neurochemicals that Regulate Respiration | 288 |
| Disinhibition of the Dorsomedial Hypothalamus Increases the Frequency of Augmented Breaths in the Anesthetized Rat | 294 |
| Major Components of Endogenous Neurotransmission Underlying the Discharge Activity of Hypoglossal Motoneurons in vivo | 299 |
| Comparative Aspects | 305 |
|---|
| Control of Ventilation in Diving Birds | 306 |
| Evolutionary Trends in Respiratory Mechanisms | 312 |
| Central Chemosensitivity | 318 |
|---|
| A Computer Model of Mammalian Central CO2 Chemoreception | 319 |
| A Mathematical Model of pHi Regulation in Central CO2- Chemoreception | 324 |
| Plasticity in the Brain: Influence of Bilateral Carotid Body Resection (bCBR) on Central CO2 Sensitivity | 330 |
| Glial Modulation of CO2 Chemosensory Excitability in the Retrotrapezoid Nucleus of Rodents | 335 |
| The Carotid Chemoreceptors are a Major Determinant of Ventilatory CO2 Sensitivity and of PaCO2 During Eupneic Breathing | 340 |
| The Retrotrapezoid Nucleus and Central Chemoreception | 345 |
| The Chemosensitive Response of Neurons from the Locus Coeruleus ( LC) to Hypercapnic Acidosis with Clamped Intracellular pH | 351 |
| CO2-sensitivity of GABAergic Neurons in the Ventral Medullary Surface of GAD67-GFP Knock-in Neonatal Mice | 356 |
| Multiple Central Chemoreceptor Sites: Cell Types and Function in vivo | 361 |
| Intrinsic Chemosensitivity of Individual Nucleus Tractus Solitarius ( NTS) and Locus Coeruleus ( LC) Neurons from Neonatal Rats | 366 |
| Chemosensitive Neuronal Network Organization in the Ventral Medulla Analyzed by Dynamic Voltage- Imaging | 371 |
| Brainstem Mechanisms Underlying Cardio- Respiratory Control | 376
|
|---|
