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Neuroimmunology of Sleep

:	S. R. Pandi-Perumal, Daniel P. Cardinali, George P. Chrousos
:	Seithikurippu Ratnas Pandi-Perumal, Daniel P. Cardinali, Georgios Chrousos
:	Neuroimmunology of Sleep
:	Springer-Verlag
:	9780387691466
:	1
:	CHF 162.20
:

:	Nichtklinische Fächer
:	English

:	362
:	Wasserzeichen/DRM
:	PC/MAC/eReader/Tablet
:	PDF

This timely work reflects the growing importance of research into the nature of sleep and its medical aspects. One of the first of its kind, this work on the neuroimmunology of sleep provides an introduction to the interplay between these two key and interlinked areas. Written both from a basic and a clinical perspective, the volume is an invaluable information resource for biomedical professionals and students of the human biology.

Highly practical guide written from both a basic and clinical perspective.

S.R. Pandi-Perumal, MSc., Comprehensive Center for Sleep Medicine, Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, U.S.A.

D.P. Cardinali, MD., PhD., Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, 1121, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

G.P. Chrousos, MD, FAAP, MACP, MACE, First Department of Pediatrics, Athens University Medical School, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, 115 27 Athens, Greece and Reproductive Biology and Medicine Branch, National Institute of Child and Human Development (NICHD), Bethesda, MD, USA.

	Contents	5
	Preface	12
	Acknowledgments	14
	Contributors	15
	1 Bidirectional Communication Between the Brain and the Immune System	21
	1.1 Introduction	21
	1.2 Nervous System Communication to the Immune System	23
	1.3 Neuroendocrine Hormone Influence on the Immune System	25
	1.4 Actions of Hypothalamic-Releasing Hormones	28
	1.5 Immune System Communication with the Nervous System Hormones	29
	1.6 Cytokine Influences on the Nervous System	30
	1.7 Neuroendocrine Hormone Release by Cells of the Immune System	32
	1.8 Neurotransmitter Release by Cells of the Immune System	33
	1.9 Bidirectional Communication and Sleep	34
	1.10 Summary and Conclusions	35
	References	36
	2 Neuroimmunological Correlates of Circadian Rhythmicity in Oral Biology and Medicine	44
	2.1 Introduction	44
	2.2 Allostatic Response and Allostatic Intervention: Relevance to Oral Biology and Medicine	46
	2.3 Mucositis: A Case of Allostatic Load	53
	2.4 Directions for the Future	66
	References	70
	3 Circadian Organization of the Immune Response	76
	3.1 The Circadian Clock Is One of the Most Indispensable Biological Functions	76
	3.2 The Immune System Shows Circadian Organization	78
	3.3 Sickness Behavior Includes Changes in Circadian Rhythms	81
	3.4 The Rat Adjuvant Arthritis Is an Experimental Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis	83
	3.5 Adjuvant Arthritis Disrupts Normal Chronobiological Organization	85
	3.6 Melatonin as a Circadian Immunoregulatory Signal in Adjuvant Arthritis	89
	References	93
	4 The Biological Clock in Inflammation and Sleep Switch Alterations	103
	4.1 Introduction	103
	4.2 Interactions Between the Biological Clock and the Sleep Switch	103
	4.3 Effects of Inflammatory Molecules on the SCN and Sleep Switch Structures	106
	4.4 Intracellular Inflammatory Regulators	108
	4.5 Concluding Remarks	110
	References	110
	5 Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide and Prolactin Cytokines: Role in Sleep and Some Immune Aspects	113
	5.1 Introduction	113
	5.2 Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide (VIP)	114
	5.3 VIP: Brain Distribution	115
	5.4 VIP and Sleep Regulation	115
	5.5 How VIP Induces REMS: A Hypothesis	118
	5.6 VIP Clinical Implications	118
	5.7 Prolactin (PRL)	119
	5.8 PRL Molecular Aspects	119
	5.9 PRL and Sleep Regulation	121
	5.10 Relationship Between PRL and Stress	123
	5.11. Stress and REMS: Role of PRL	124
	5.12. PRL Expression and REMS	125
	5.13. PRL Clinical Implications	125
	References	126
	6 Immune Signaling to Brain: Mechanisms and Potential Pathways Influencing Sleep	134
	6.1 Introduction	134
	6.2 Mechanisms of Immune Signaling to the Brain	134
	6.3 Neurocircuitry Mediating Sleep and Waking States	139
	Sleep Neurocircuitry? 6.4 What Are the Links Between Immune Brain Interfaces and	139
	6.5 Conclusions and Perspectives	142
	References	144
	7 Aging, Sleep, and Immunity	147
	7.1 Introduction	147
	7.2 Altered Sleep and Concomitant Alterations in Immune Function	147
	7.3 Cytokines and Sleep	149
	7.4 Relationship of Infection to Altered Sleep Behavior	152
	7.5 Stress, Hormonal Change, Cytokines, and Sleep Behavior	154
	7.6 Age-Related Changes in Sleep and Relation to Altered Immunity	157
	7.7 Summary and Conclusions	162
	References	163
	8 Cytokines and Sleep: Neuro-Immune Interactions and Regulations	168
	8.1 Introduction	168
	8.2. Effect of Sleep on Immune System	168
	8.3 Effect of Modulation of Immune System on Sleep	169
	8.4 Conclusion	174
	References	174
	9 Selective REM Sleep Deprivation and Its Impact on the Immune Response	180
	9.1 Introduction	180
	9.2 Human Studies	181
	9.3 Animal Studies	182
	References	185
	10 Sleep and Immune Correlates: Translational Research in Clinical Populations	189
	10.1 The Rationale for Studying Sleep and Immunity in Clinical Populations	189
	10.2 Sleep and Immunity in Primary Insomnia	190
	10.3 Sleep and Immunity in Depression and Substance Dependence	194
	10.4 Sleep and Cytokines in Rheumatoid Arthritis	199
	10.5 Future Directions	201
	References	201
	11 The Stress of Inadequate Sleep and Immune Consequences	206
	11.1 Introduction	206
	11.2 Inadequate Sleep and Disease	208
	11.3 Immune Function in Sleep Disorders	209
	11.4 Hospitalized Patients	210
	11.5 Chronic Inflammatory Diseases and Sleep	211
	11.4 Concluding Remarks	213
	References	213
	12 Neuroimmunology of Pregnancy-Related Sleep Disturbances	218
	12.1 Introduction	218
	12.2 Pregnancy and Alterations in Sleep	218
	12.3 Understanding Sleep in Pregnancy via Animal Models	223
	12.4 Factors That May Contribute to Disrupted Sleep During Pregnancy	223
	12.5 Where Does Sleep Fit In? The Cytokine and Hormone Changes Associated with Sleep Deprivation/ Sleep Disorders	227
	12.6 Pregnancy Complications	229
	12.7 Summary	231
	References	231
	13 Changes in Sleep and Behavior Following Experimental Immune Stimulation Using Bacterial Endotoxin in Humans	237
	13.1	237