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Radiation Oncology Advances

:	Søren M. Bentzen, Paul M. Harari, Wolfgang A. Tomé, Minesh P. Mehta
:	Søren M. Bentzen, Paul M. Harari, T. Rockwell Mackie, Minesh P. Mehta
:	Radiation Oncology Advances
:	Springer-Verlag
:	9780387367446
:	1
:	CHF 94.90
:

:	Klinische Fächer
:	English

:	336
:	Wasserzeichen
:	PC/MAC/eReader/Tablet
:	PDF

This book provides an up-to-date comprehensive overview of the exciting new developments shaping the current and future practice of radiation oncology. Advances in treatment planning and delivery, in biological targeted therapies combined with radiation and in functional and molecular imaging are all covered in a single volume. All of these advances are discussed by leading experts in the field and with a critical evaluation of their clinical relevance throughout.

	Contents	6
	Contributors	13
	Radiation Oncology Advances: An Introduction	17
	Advances in Imaging and Theragnostic Radiation Oncology	17
	Advances in Molecular Biology and Targeted Therapies	18
	Advances in Treatment Delivery and Planning	19
	Clinical Advances	20
	References	20
	Section I Advances in Imaging and Biologically-Based Treatment Planning	21
	Advanced Image-Guided External Beam Radiotherapy	22
	Introduction	22
	Image Guidance for Defining Target Volumes	24
	Image Guidance at the Time of Delivery	28
	Optical Guidance	29
	Optical Tracking Systems	30
	Optical Tracking in Fractionated Stereotactic Radiotherapy, Intracranial, and Head and Neck IMRT	31
	Optically Guided Ultrasound	33
	In-Room CT Guidance	35
	Image Guidance and Organ Motion	42
	Image Guidance for Follow-Up Imaging and Retreatments	44
	Summary	46
	References	47
	Dose Painting and Theragnostic Imaging: Towards the Prescription, Planning and Delivery of Biologically Targeted Dose Distributions in External Beam Radiation Oncology	55
	Radiation Theragnostics	55
	From Anatomical to Biological Targeting in Radiation Therapy	56
	From Target Selection and Delineation to 4D Dose Prescription	57
	The Case for Nonuniform Theragnostic Dose Distributions	58
	Precision Requirements	61
	Targeting Hypoxia Using EBRT: Are We Ready for Dose Painting by Numbers?	62
	Hypoxia as a Cause of Clinical Failure of Radiation Therapy	62
	Hypoxia Imaging	64
	Spatiotemporal Stability of the PET Hypoxia Map	67
	Dose Painting by Numbers	70
	Dose Delivery and Expected Change in Outcome	71
	Conclusion	71
	References	72
	Molecular and Functional Imaging in Radiation Oncology	77
	Introduction	77
	Molecular and Functional Imaging Modalities	78
	Positron Emission Tomography	78
	Single Photon Emission Tomography	79
	Dynamic Contrast Enhanced Computer Tomography (DCE-CT)	79
	Dynamic Contrast Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging ( DCE- MRI)	79
	Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy	80
	Optical Imaging	80
	Comparison Between Different Imaging Modalities	80
	Molecular and Functional Imaging Targets	81
	Cellular Metabolism	82
	Cellular Proliferation	86
	Cellular Death	87
	Cellular Regulation	88
	Tumor Microenvironment	91
	Future	94
	References	96
	Prognostic and Predictive Markers in Radiation Therapy: Focus on Prostate Cancer	110
	Introduction	110
	The Need for Biomarkers of Radiation Response in Prostate Cancer	110
	Optimal Biomarkers and Patient Cohort Characteristics	111
	Evaluation of Candidate Markers Biological Rationale	112
	Biomarker Frequency	115
	Biomarker Assessment Methods	115
	Immunohistochemistry	116
	Markers of Cell Cycle Control, DNA Repair and Apoptosis	118
	Proliferation	118
	Hypoxia	119
	Clinical Correlative Data in Prostate Cancer	117
	Limitations of Existing Studies	119
	Future Studies and Directions	120
	Large Prospective Clinical Trials	120
	Biomarker-Based Adaptive Therapy	121
	Conclusion	122
	References	122
	Section II Advances in Molecular Biology and Targeted Therapies	128
	Overview of Cancer Molecular Radiobiology	129
	Introduction	129
	Interaction of Radiation with Living Cells	129
	Cellular Response to Ionizing Radiation	130
	Cell Cycle Arrest	130
	DNA Repair	132
	Apoptosis	133
	Cell Survival Signaling	134
	Ras Signaling	134
	Receptor Tyrosine Kinases	135
	mTOR Signaling	135
	Targeting Housekeeping Proteins	136
	HSP90 Inhibitors	137
	HDAC Inhibitors	138
	Proteosome Inhibitors	140
	Conclusion	141
	References	142
	Clinical Application of EGFR Inhibitors in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Cancer	146
	Introduction	146
	EGFR Biology	147
	Anti-EGFR Monoclonal Antibodies	149
	Radiation Plus Cetuximab For Locoregionally Advanced HNSCC	149
	Cetuximab, Cisplatin, and Radiation in Locoregionally Advanced HNSCC	151
	Cetuximab ± Chemotherapy in Recurrent and/ or Metastatic HNSCC	152
	Cetuximab with Chemotherapy in the First-Line Treatment of Patients with Recurrent and/ or Metastatic HNSCC	153
	EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKIs)	154
	TKI Monotherapy in HNSCC	155
	TKIs in Combination with Radiation Therapy	155
	TKIs with Dual Specificity	156
	Patient Selection	156
	Conclusions	157
	References	158
	Advancement of Antiangiogenic and Vascular Disrupting Agents Combined with Radiation	164
	Introduction	164
	Tumor Vasculature	164
	Targeting the Tumor Vasculature	166
	Antiangiogenic Agents	166
	Vascular Disrupting Agents	169
	Combining Antiangiogenic and Vascular Disrupting Agents with Radiation	171
	Antiangiogenic Agents and Radiation in the Laboratory	171
	Angiogenesis Inhibitors and Radiation in the Clinic	173
	Vascular Disrupting Agents and Radiation in the Laboratory	174
	Vascular Disrupting Agents with Radiation in the Clinic	175
	Future Directions	176
	Conclusion	177
	References	178
	Overcoming Therapeutic Resistance in Malignant Gliomas: Current Practices and Future Directions	183
	Introduction	183
	Signal Transduction Pathways Involved in Treatment Resis