: Felix N. Büchi, Minoru Inaba, Thomas J. Schmidt.
: Felix N. Büchi, Minoru Inaba, Thomas J. Schmidt
: Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Durability
: Springer-Verlag
: 9780387855363
: 1
: CHF 95.40
:
: Physikalische Chemie
: English
: 510
: Wasserzeichen/DRM
: PC/MAC/eReader/Tablet
: PDF
This book covers a significant number of R&D projects, performed mostly after 2000, devoted to the understanding and prevention of performance degradation processes in polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs). The extent and severity of performance degradation processes in PEFCs were recognized rather gradually. Indeed, the recognition overlapped with a significant number of industrial dem- strations of fuel cell powered vehicles, which would suggest a degree of technology maturity beyond the resaolution of fundamental failure mechanisms. An intriguing question, therefore, is why has there been this apparent delay in addressing fun- mental performance stability requirements. The apparent answer is that testing of the power system under fully realistic operation conditions was one prerequisite for revealing the nature and extent of some key modes of PEFC stack failure. Such modes of failure were not exposed to a similar degree, or not at all, in earlier tests of PEFC stacks which were not performed under fully relevant conditions, parti- larly such tests which did not include multiple on-off and/or high power-low power cycles typical for transportation and mobile power applications of PEFCs. Long-term testing of PEFCs reported in the early 1990s by both Los Alamos National Laboratory and Ballard Power was performed under conditions of c- stant cell voltage, typically near the maximum power point of the PEFC.
Foreword5
Contents9
Contributors12
Part I Stack Components17
1. Introduction18
2. Catalysts19
Dissolution and Stabilization of Platinum in Oxygen Cathodes20
Carbon-Support Requirements for Highly Durable Fuel Cell Operation41
3. Membranes66
Chemical Degradation of Perfluorinated Sulfonic Acid Membranes67
Chemical Degradation: Correlations Between Electrolyzer and Fuel Cell Findings80
Improvement of Membrane and Membrane Electrode Assembly Durability128
Durability of Radiation-Grafted Fuel Cell Membranes142
4 GDL165
Durability Aspects of Gas-Diffusion and Microporous Layers166
5 MEAs203
High-Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells: Durability Insights204
Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Durability227
6 Bipolar Plates245
Influence of Metallic Bipolar Plates on the Durability of Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells246
Durability of Graphite Composite Bipolar Plates259
7 Sealings271
Gaskets: Important Durability Issues272
Part II Cells and Stack Operation283
1. Introduction284
2 Impact of Contaminants285
Air Impurities286
Impurity Effects on Electrode Reactions in Fuel Cells319
Performance and Durability of a PolymerElectrolyte Fuel Cell Operating with Reformate:Effects of CO, CO2, and Other Trace Impurities336
3 Freezing362
Subfreezing Phenomena in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells363
4 Reliability Testing377
Application of Accelerated Testing and Statistical Lifetime Modeling to Membrane Electrode Assembly Development378
5 Stack Durability390
Operating Requirements for Durable Polymer- Electrolyte Fuel Cell Stacks391
Design Requirements for Bipolar Plates and Stack Hardware for Durable Operation410
Heterogeneous Cell Ageing in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Stacks422
Part III System Perspectives431
1. Introduction432
2 Stationary433
Degradation Factors of Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells in Residential Cogeneration Systems434
3 Automotive451
Fuel Cell Stack Durability for Vehicle Application452
Part IV R452
468452
1. Introduction469
2 R469
470469
Durability Targets for Stationary and Automotive Applications in Japan471
Index479