| Improvements in System Safety | 2 |
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| Felix Redmill Tom Anderson | 4 |
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| Tutorial Paper | 11 |
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| Can Process-Based and Product-Based Approaches to Software Safety Certification be Reconciled? | 12 |
| 1 Introduction | 12 |
| 2 Process-Based Certification | 13 |
| 3 Product-based Certification | 15 |
| 4 Incompatible Approaches? | 18 |
| 5 Summary | 20 |
| 6 Acknowledgements | 20 |
| 7 References | 20 |
| Themes Reprised from SSS 07 | 22 |
| Making Safe Software Secure | 23 |
| 1 Introduction | 23 |
| 2 Safety and security | 23 |
| 3 Scenarios | 25 |
| 4 Methods | 26 |
| 5 Assessment | 28 |
| 6 Future work | 30 |
| 7 References | 30 |
| Safety Process Improvement with POSE and Alloy | 32 |
| 1 Introduction | 32 |
| 2 POSE and Safety | 33 |
| 3 Current Study and its Background | 35 |
| 4 The Failure Annunciation System Case Study | 37 |
| 5 Discussion and Related Work | 44 |
| 6 Conclusions | 45 |
| Acknowledgements | 46 |
| References | 47 |
| The Safety Case | 63 |
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| Safety Case Development How can I continue the work? | 64 |
| Safety Case Experiences from Harrier | 82 |
| 1 Introduction | 82 |
| 2 Harrier Aircraft Background | 83 |
| 3 Capability Upgrade | 84 |
| 4 OSMC Operational Safety Case | 90 |
| 4.1 Construct | 90 |
| 4.2 Deltas | 93 |
| 5 Here and now | 94 |
| 6 Conclusion | 96 |
| Safety Culture | 97 |
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| Investigation to Establish Whether Cultural Analysis can be used to Improve the Interactions Between Design, Safety and Operations Departments | 98 |
| 1.0 Introduction | 98 |
| 2.0 Organisational Culture | 101 |
| 3.0 Selection of a Model Of Culture | 103 |
| 4.0 Adapting Schein s Method | 106 |
| 5.0 The Working Trial | 109 |
| 6.0 Transforming the Culture | 114 |
| 7.0 Summary | 117 |
| 8.0 References | 117 |
| Human Performance Improvement-Reducing Significant Events in Nuclear Power | 120 |
| Human Factors | 139 |
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| A Human Factors Perspective on Safety Management Systems | 140 |
| 1 Introduction | 140 |
| 2 Human Factors and System Safety | 141 |
| 3 The Safety Management Systems Approach | 143 |
| 4 Safety Management Systems from a Human Factors Perspective | 145 |
| 5 Challenges for Human Factors from Safety Management Systems | 147 |
| 6 Human Factors Best Practice and SMS | 149 |
| 7 Areas for Further Research and Next Steps | 152 |
| Human Factors Safety Assurance for Changing ATM Systems | 155 |
| 1 Introduction | 155 |
| 2 The Role of The Human in Air Traffic Management | 156 |
| 3 Integrating Human Error Analysis into the SMS | 158 |
| 4 Minimising Controller Error due to Changes | 160 |
| 5. HFA and Task Performance | 166 |
| 6 Conclusion | 172 |
| 7 References | 172 |
| 8 Acknowledgements | 173 |
| Achieving and Improving System Safety | 174 |
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| Practical Ways of Improving Product Safety in Industry | 175 |
| 1 Introduction | 175 |
| 2 What is Safety? | 176 |
| 3 Problem Areas | 178 |
| 4 Practical Ways to Improve Safety | 182 |
| 5 Conclusion | 191 |
| Prototyping versus Formal Development | 192 |
| 1 Introduction | 192 |
| 2 Development Processes | 192 |
| 3 Where Does the Money Go? | 194 |
| 4 Costs of Change | 195 |
| 5 Architecture-based Development | 197 |
| 6 Prototyping the Process | 200 |
| 7 Where does Safety Management fit in? | 201 |
| 8 Conclusions | 204 |
| 9 References | 204 |
| Safety and Risk Analysis | 218 |
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| Safety Analysis: Thoughts on Methods and Experience | 219 |
| 1 Introduction | 219 |
| 2 Experience and Method | 220 |
| 3 Examples | 223 |
| 4 Discussion | 229 |
| 5 Conclusions | 230 |
| Simplifying the Creation and Use of the Risk Matrix | 233 |
| 1 Introduction | 233 |
| 2 The Risk Matrix | 235 |
| 3 Risk class and its use | 238 |
| 4 Evaluating potential accidents | 240 |
| 5 Identifying Safety Requirements | 245 |
| 6 Tailoring of the Risk Matrix | 249 |
| 7 Conclusion | 257 |
| AUTHOR INDEX | 259 |