| DEDICATIONS | 6 |
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| PREFACE | 7 |
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| CONTENTS | 9 |
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| CONTRIBUTORS | 11 |
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| COMPANION CD | 12 |
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| CLINICAL EXPERIENCE | 13 |
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| Epidemiology and Significance of Carotid Artery Stenosis | 14 |
| Medical Therapy for Carotid Artery Stenosis | 22 |
| Carotid Endarterectomy | 43 |
| Carotid Angioplasty and Stenting Trials | 56 |
| Cerebrovascular Anatomy | 73 |
| Noninvasive Imaging of the Carotid Artery | 91 |
| Cerebrovascular Angiography | 107 |
| Indications for Carotid Artery Stenting | 118 |
| TECHNIQUES OF CAROTID AND VERTEBRAL ARTERY STENTING | 135 |
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| The Approach to Extracranial Carotid Artery Stenting | 136 |
| Equipment for Extracranial Carotid Artery Stenting | 152 |
| Emboli Protection Devices | 163 |
| Complications of Carotid Artery Stenting | 178 |
| The Approach to Intracranial Carotid Artery Intervention | 192 |
| The Approach to Intracranial and Extracranial Vertebral Artery Stenting | 213 |
| Endovascular Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke | 231 |
| CHALLENGING CASE ILLUSTRATIONS AND PEARLS | 248 |
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| Case: Left Carotid Artery Stenting with a Challenging Type III Aortic Arch | 249 |
| Case: Stenting of a Tortuous Left Internal Carotid Artery | 258 |
| Case: Stenting of a Critical Internal Carotid Artery Stenosis With String Sign | 263 |
| Case: Stenting of a Carotid Endarterectomy Patch Restenosis and Aneurysm | 272 |
| Case: Carotid Stenting With Slow Flow and Distal Embolization | 280 |
| Case: Acute Stroke Intervention With a Large Thrombotic Burden | 285 |
| Case: Left Internal Carotid Artery Stenting in a Bovine Aortic Arch | 291 |
| Case: Right Carotid Artery Stenting via Right Brachial Artery Approach | 301 |
| Case: Ostial Innominate Artery Intervention | 313 |
| INDEX | 325 |
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