| Preface | 7 |
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| Contents | 11 |
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| Contributors | 15 |
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| Companion CD | 19 |
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| I EPIDEMIOLOGY OF GLAUCOMA | 21 |
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| Age and Racial Variation in the Prevalence of Open- Angle Glaucoma in the USA | 22 |
| INTRODUCTION | 22 |
| PREVALENCE OF OAG | 23 |
| EFFECT OF AGE | 25 |
| EFFECT OF RACE | 29 |
| ESTIMATING THE NUMBERS OF INDIVIDUALS IN THE USA WITH GLAUCOMA | 32 |
| PREVALENCE OF BLINDNESS DUE TO GLAUCOMA | 32 |
| IMPACT OF NEW TECHNOLOGY | 33 |
| POLICY IMPLICATIONS | 34 |
| CONCLUSION | 34 |
| REFERENCES | 34 |
| Epidemiology of and Risk Factors for Primary Open- Angle Glaucoma | 38 |
| INTRODUCTION | 38 |
| DEFINITIONS OF GLAUCOMA | 39 |
| STUDY DESIGN | 40 |
| PREVALENCE OF PRIMARY OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA | 42 |
| INCIDENCE OF OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA FROM POPULATION- BASED STUDIES | 45 |
| RISK FACTORS FOR GLAUCOMA | 46 |
| REFERENCES | 47 |
| The Reykjavik Eye Study on Prevalence of Glaucoma in Iceland and Identi . ed Risk Factors | 54 |
| INTRODUCTION | 54 |
| MATERIAL AND METHODS | 55 |
| EXAMINATION | 55 |
| DEFINITIONS | 56 |
| RESULTS | 57 |
| DISCUSSION | 62 |
| REFERENCES | 64 |
| Defined Glaucoma in Chinese Population | 68 |
| INTRODUCTION | 68 |
| PRIMARY GLAUCOMA | 70 |
| Demographic Indices | 72 |
| Age. | 72 |
| Sex. | 73 |
| Race. | 73 |
| Ocular Factors | 73 |
| Other risk factors | 74 |
| Demographic Indices | 75 |
| Age. | 75 |
| Sex. | 75 |
| Race. | 75 |
| Ocular Factors | 75 |
| Other Risk Factors | 76 |
| SECONDARY GLAUCOMA | 76 |
| CONGENITAL GLAUCOMA | 77 |
| SUMMARY | 78 |
| REFERENCES | 78 |
| The Wroclaw Epidemiological Study | 82 |
| INTRODUCTION | 82 |
| SCREENING FOR GLAUCOMA | 83 |
| THE WROCLAW EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY | 86 |
| REFERENCES | 96 |
| II MECHANISMS OF INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE ELEVATION IN THE GLAUCOMAS | 100 |
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| Pretrabecular Mechanisms of Intraocular Pressure Elevation | 102 |
| INTRODUCTION | 102 |
| NEOVASCULAR GLAUCOMA | 102 |
| IRIDOCORNEAL ENDOTHELIAL SYNDROME | 108 |
| EPITHELIAL AND FIBROUS MEMBRANES | 111 |
| INFLAMMATORY MEMBRANES | 114 |
| REFERENCES | 115 |
| Glaucomatous Changes in the Trabecular Meshwork | 118 |
| INTRODUCTION | 118 |
| ANATOMY | 119 |
| AGING CHANGES | 123 |
| PRIMARY OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA | 124 |
| PSEUDOEXFOLIATION SYNDROME | 126 |
| PIGMENTARY GLAUCOMA | 128 |
| CORTICOSTEROID-INDUCED GLAUCOMA | 131 |
| SUMMARY | 132 |
| REFERENCES | 133 |
| Trabecular Mechanisms of Intraocular Pressure Elevation | 136 |
| INTRODUC
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