| Series Editor’s Introduction | 6 |
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| Foreword | 8 |
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| Preface | 10 |
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| Acknowledgments | 14 |
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| Table of Contents | 16 |
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| Contributors | 18 |
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| Overview of Anxiety and the Anxiety Disorders | 19 |
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| Anxiety Disorders | 21 |
| Biopsychosocial Factors | 24 |
| Understanding Fear And Anxiety | 25 |
| Anxiety: Neurons And Neurochemistry | 27 |
| How A Neuron Works | 28 |
| Serotonin System | 28 |
| Norepinephrine (Noradrenergic) System | 28 |
| gama-Aminobutyric Acid | 29 |
| Treatment Of Anxiety Disorders | 29 |
| History of Treatment | 29 |
| Primary Care Assessment | 29 |
| Treatment Modalities | 30 |
| Psychotherapy | 31 |
| Pharmacotherapy | 31 |
| Education | 32 |
| Principles of Psychopharmacotherapy | 32 |
| When to Seek Assistance from a Mental Health Professional | 33 |
| References | 35 |
| Brief Psychiatric History and Mental Status Examination | 37 |
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| Evaluating Anxiety Disorders | 37 |
| Diagnosis of Anxiety Disorders | 38 |
| Screening for Anxiety Disorders | 41 |
| Anxiety Disorders and General Medical Disorders | 44 |
| Brief Psychiatric Evaluation | 45 |
| Psychiatric History | 47 |
| Anxiety Disorder Screening Instruments | 48 |
| Primary Care Psychiatric Evaluation Guideline (PCPEG) | 51 |
| Chief Complaint/Reason for Evaluation | 51 |
| History of Present Illness | 51 |
| Past History | 51 |
| Current Medications | 52 |
| Allergies | 52 |
| Substance Use | 52 |
| Personal/Social History | 52 |
| Family History | 52 |
| Review of Systems | 52 |
| Physical Examination | 52 |
| Mental Status Examination | 53 |
| Functional Assessment/Differential Diagnosis | 53 |
| Treatment Plan | 53 |
| References | 54 |
| Psychopharmacology | 57 |
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| Neurotransmitters | 58 |
| Receptors | 59 |
| Serotonergic System | 59 |
| Serotonin Receptors | 60 |
| Noradrenergic System | 61 |
| Dopaminergic System | 61 |
| Cholinergic System | 62 |
| Gabaergic System | 63 |
| Glutamatergic System | 63 |
| Neuropeptides | 64 |
| Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics | 65 |
| Pharmacokinetics | 66 |
| Absorption | 67 |
| Distribution | 73 |
| Metabolism | 74 |
| Elimination | 74 |
| Multiple Dosing and Steady State | 75 |
| Pharmacodynamics | 76 |
| Tolerance | 77 |
| Dose-Effect Relationship Variability | 77 |
| Summary | 79 |
| References | 79 |
| Psychopharmacotherapy | 81 |
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| History of Anxiolytics | 81 |
| Treatment | 83 |
| Pharmacotherapy | 84 |
| Antidepressants | 84 |
| Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors | 84 |
| Pregnancy and Lactation | 96 |
| Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors | 99 |
| Benzodiazepines | 102 |
| Clinical Characteristics | 104 |
| Mechanism of Action | 105 |
| Pharmacokinetics | 106 |
| Adverse Effects | 107 |
| Drug Interactions | 107 |
| Tolerance | 108 |
| Physical Dependence, Discontinuation, and Abuse | 108 |
| Pregnancy | 110 |
| Azapirones: Buspirone | 113 |
| Action | 114 |
| Pharmacokinetics | 114 |
| Clinical Use | 115 |
| Adverse Effects | 115 |
| Tricyclic Antidepressants | 116 |
| Pharmacokinetics | 117 |
| Clinical Use | 118 |
| Adverse Effects and Risks | 118 |
| Metabolism and Drug Interactions | 120 |
| Pregnancy and Lactation | 121 |
| Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors | 121 |
| Use in Anxiety Disorders | 122 |
| Side Effects and Interactions | 122 |
| Hydroxyzine | 123 |
| Adverse Effects | 124 |
| Other Medications for Common Anxiety Disorders | 124 |
| Generalized Anxiety Disorder | 124 |
| Social Anxiety Disorder | 125 |
| Panic Disorder | 125 |
| Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder | 125 |
| Posttraumatic Stress Disorder | 125 |
| Summary | 126 |
| References | 126 |
| Psychotherapy | 131 |
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| Psychotherapeutic Approaches | 132 |
| Insight-Oriented Psychotherapy | 132 |
| Person-Centered Psychotherapy | 132 |
| Behavior Therapy | 133 |
| Cognitive Therapy | 133 |
| Efficacy and Effectiveness of Psychotherapy in Treating Anxiety Disorders | 133 |
| Cognitive Behavior Therapy Approach for Treating Anxiety Disorders | 138 |
| Evaluation and Education | 138 |
| Skills Acquisition | 139 |
| Exposure Therapy | 140 |
| Collaboration Between Primary Care practitioners And Psychotherapists | 141 |
| Making the Referral | 142 |
| Medication Management | 142 |
| Monitoring Progress in Psychotherapy | 143 |
| Summary | 145 |
| References | 146 |
| Adjustment Disorder with Anxiety | 147 |
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| Associated Features | 148 |
| Epidemiology | 149 |
| Course and Prognosis | 149 |
| Etiology | 149 |
| Differential Diagnosis | 150 |