| Preface | 6 |
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| Contents | 7 |
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| Contributors | 9 |
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| Normal Anatomy and Physiology | 11 |
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| INTRODUCTION | 11 |
| FUNCTIONAL VASCULAR AND MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY OF PENILE ERECTION | 12 |
| FUNCTIONAL NEUROANATOMY OF PENILE FUNCTION | 17 |
| PENILE ERECTION AND FLACCIDITY: PHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS | 21 |
| PENILE ERECTION AND FLACCIDITY: MOLECULAR MECHANISM OF CORPORAL SMOOTH MUSCLE RELAXATION AND CONTRACTION | 25 |
| SMOOTH MUSCLE CONTRACTION AND RELAXATION IS REGULATED BY Ca2+- INDUCED MYOSIN PHOSPHORYLATION AND DEPHOSPHORYLATION | 25 |
| MODES OF PENILE ERECTION | 34 |
| CENTRAL MECHANISMS OF PENILE ERECTION AND FLACCIDITY | 36 |
| SPINAL MECHANISMS AND PATHWAYS | 39 |
| PENILE ERECTION AND FLACCIDITY: CENTRAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY | 39 |
| REFERENCES | 44 |
| Epidemiology of Erectile Dysfunction | 56 |
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| INTRODUCTION | 56 |
| PREVALENCE AND INCIDENCE OF ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION | 56 |
| AGING AND ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION | 59 |
| RISK FACTORS FOR ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION | 60 |
| IMPACT OF ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION | 62 |
| TREATMENT-SEEKING BEHAVIOR | 64 |
| CONCLUSION | 65 |
| REFERENCES | 65 |
| Cardiac Issues Related to Erectile Dysfunction | 69 |
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| INTRODUCTION | 69 |
| IS THE PATIENT PRESENTING WITH ED A CARDIAC PATIENT? | 71 |
| WHAT IS THE ADEQUATE RECOMMENDATION FOR PATIENTS WITH CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE SEEKING TREATMENT FOR ED? | 74 |
| CONCLUSION | 80 |
| REFERENCES | 80 |
| How a Primary Care Clinician Approaches Erectile Dysfunction | 84 |
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| INTRODUCTION | 84 |
| NATURE OF PRIMARY CARE | 85 |
| TRENDS IN PRIMARY CARE INVOLVEMENT IN SEXUAL HEALTH | 86 |
| LEARNING TO COMMUNICATE WITH PATIENTS ABOUT SEXUAL ACTIVITY | 87 |
| NOT ALL MEN ARE HETEROSEXUAL | 88 |
| SCREENING FOR ED | 89 |
| PATIENTS AND PARTNERS INITIATE DISCUSSIONS ABOUT SEXUAL PROBLEMS | 91 |
| POTENTIAL VALUE OF ED INQUIRY AND MANAGEMENT ( TABLE 9) | 92 |
| BARRIERS PREVENTING MEN FROM DISCUSSING ED | 94 |
| THE NEXT STEP AFTER IDENTIFYING ED | 95 |
| CHARACTERISTICS OF A SEXUAL PROBLEM | 96 |
| EVALUATING THE MAN WITH ED | 96 |
| TREATMENT OF ED | 101 |
| ISSUES AMONG OLDER MEN | 104 |
| FOLLOW-UP OF TREATMENT FOR ED | 105 |
| CONSULTATION | 105 |
| MANAGING SEXUAL HEALTH PROBLEMS CAN ENHANCE A PRACTICE | 106 |
| REFERENCES | 108 |
| Psychosocial Aspects Related to Erectile Dysfunction | 112 |
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| INTRODUCTION | 112 |
| A MULTIDIMENSIONAL COMBINATION TREATMENT APPROACH | 113 |
| THE SEXUAL TIPPING POINT MODEL | 114 |
| DEFINITION | 115 |
| ETIOLOGY | 115 |
| ASSESSMENT | 117 |
| SEXUAL STATUS EXAMINATION | 119 |
| EXPLORING OTHER PSYCHOSOCIAL ISSUES | 120 |
| PREVIOUS TREATMENT APPROACHES | 121 |
| PSYCHIATRIC CONSIDERATIONS | 121 |
| FAMILY AND EARLY PSYCHOSEXUAL HISTORY | 122 |
| PARTNER–RELATIONSHIP ISSUES | 122 |
| THE SINGLE PATIENT | 122 |
| QUESTIONNAIRES | 122 |
| TREATMENT | 123 |
| FOLLOW-UP AND THERAPEUTIC PROBE | 124 |
| WEANING AND RELAPSE PREVENTION | 124 |
| COMBINATION THERAPY MATRIX | 125 |
| REFERRAL | 126 |
| CONCLUSION | 127 |
| REFERENCES | 127 |
| Hormonal Evaluation and Treatment | 130 |
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| INTRODUCTION | 130 |
| EFFECTS OF TESTOSTERONE ON SEXUAL FUNCTION | 131 |
| CLINICAL PICTURE OF HYPOGONADISM | 131 |
| OTHER HORMONES | 133 |
| LABORATORY DETERMINATION OF HYPOGONADISM | 133 |
| TREATMENT OF HYPOGONADISM | 134 |
| CAUTIONS IN TESTOSTERONE SUPPLEMENTATION | 136 |
| TESTOSTERONE FOR ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION | 137 |
| CONCLUSIONS | 137 |
| POSITION STATEMENT: UNITED STATES | 138 |
| REFERENCES | 138 |
| Radical Prostatectomy and Other Pelvic Surgeries | 141 |
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| INTRODUCTION | 141 |
| EPIDEMIOLOGY | 142 |
| PATHOPHYSIOLOGY |