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Perioperative Critical Care Cardiology

:	John L. Atlee, Antonino Gullo, Gianfranco Sinagra, Jean-Louis Vincent
:	J.L. Atlee, A. Gullo, G. Sinagra, J.L. Vincent
:	Perioperative Critical Care Cardiology
:	Springer-Verlag
:	9788847005587
:	2
:	CHF 85.50
:

:	Klinische Fächer
:	English

:	282
:	Wasserzeichen/DRM
:	PC/MAC/eReader/Tablet
:	PDF

This book details topics of particular importance to critical care cardiovascular diagnosis and management in the perioperative period. It represents an important update for anaesthesiologists, cardiologists, cardiac surgeons, emergency care physicians and intensivists caring for patients with acute, life-threatening cardiovascular afflictions

	Preface to the 2nd edition	6
	Preface to the 1st edition	8
	Table of Contents	10
	List of Contributors	12
	1 Sudden Death in Heart Failure: Risk Stratification and Treatment Strategies --- M. ZECCHIN, G.VITRELLA AND G. SINAGRA	13
	Definitions and Epidemiology	13
	Mechanisms	15
	Identifying Patients at Risk	16
	Prevention	17
	Pharmacologic Prevention	18
	ß-blockers	19
	Antiarrhythmic Drugs	20
	Internal Cardioverter-Defibrillator (ICD)	21
	ICD for Primary Prevention	22
	ICD for Secondary Prevention	23
	Role of Myocardial Revascularization for the Prevention of Sudden Death	24
	Conclusions	25
	References	25
	2 Etiology and Pathophysiology of Heart Failure --- P. FOËX AND G.HOWARD-ALPE	33
	Introduction	33
	Etiology of Heart Failure	33
	Cardiomyopathies	34
	Myocardial Overload	35
	Myocardial Ischemia and Infarction	35
	Pathophysiology of Heart Failure	35
	Systolic Dysfunction	38
	Diastolic Dysfunction	39
	Left Ventricular Inflow	40
	Pulmonary Venous Flow	42
	Right Ventricular Dysfunction	43
	Cardiac Failure and Perioperative Risk	47
	Conclusion	48
	References	48
	3 Cardiac Protection for Noncardiac Surgery --- P. FOËX AND G.HOWARD-ALPE	53
	Introduction	53
	Mechanisms of Myocardial Ischemia and Its Complications	54
	Identification of High-Risk Patients	55
	Coronary Revascularization or Pharmacological Prophylaxis?	57
	Prophylaxis Based on Hemodynamic Stabilization	57
	Nitrates	58
	Calcium Channel Blockers	58
	a2-Adrenoceptor Agonists	58
	Adenosine Modulators	58
	KATP Channel Openers	59
	Na+/H+ Exchanger Blockers	59
	ACE Inhibitors	59
	ß-Adrenoreceptor Blockers	60
	Statins	64
	Aspirin	66
	Conclusion	66
	References	67
	4 Hypertensive Urgencies and Emergencies --- J. L.ATLEE	73
	Hypertension: Perspectives and Definitions	73
	Perspectives	73
	Definition	73
	Primary vs. Secondary Hypertension	75
	Complications of Hypertension	75
	Hypertensive Crises: Urgencies and Emergencies	78
	Definitions	78
	Incidence and Causes	79
	Pathophysiology	79
	Manifestations and Course	80
	Differential Diagnosis	81
	Therapy: Perioperative Settings	82
	References	86
	5 Heart Failure, Atrial Fibrillation, and Diabetes Mellitus --- A.ALEKSOVA,A.PERKAN AND G.SINAGRA	89
	Epidemiology of Heart Failure in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus	89
	Prevalence of Atrial Fibrillation in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus	90
	Mechanism of Atrial Fibrillation Development in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus and Heart Failure	91
	Management of Diabetic Patients with Heart Failure and Atrial Fibrillation	92
	Beta-Blockers	92
	Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers	93
	Statins	95
	Metabolic Control	95
	Anticoagulant Therapy	96
	Conclusions	96
	References	96
	6 Circulatory Failure: Bedside Functional Hemodynamic Monitoring --- C. SORBARA, S. ROMAGNOLI,A.ROSSI AND S.M. ROMANO	101
	Introduction	101
	Preload Reserve: Preload and Preload Responsiveness	102
	Preload Responsiveness and Dynamic Parameters	104
	Limitations and Pitfalls	108
	Afterload Reserve and Dynamic Parameters	109
	Cardiac Reserve: Contractility and Efficiency	111
	Cardiac Power	111
	Cardiac Cycle Efficiency (CCE)	114
	Conclusions	117
	References	118
	7 Perioperative Cardiac Risk Stratification --- F.R.B.G.GALAS, L.A. HAJJAR AND J.O.C.AULER JR.	121
	Introduction	121
	Clinical Predictors of Risk	122
	Type of Surgery	122
	Patient’s Functional Status	124
	Comorbid Diseases and Risk Factors	125
	Cardiac Risk Indices and Algorithms in Noncardiac Surgery	125
	Supplemental Preoperative Evaluation	131
	Resting Left Ventricular Function	133
	Assessment of Risk for CAD and Functional Capacity	134
	Assessing and Reducing the Cardiac Risk of Noncardiac Surgery: Evidence Base	137
	Preoperative Clinical Assessment: Developing Initial Estimates of Risk	137
	Use of Exercise Capacity as a Preoperative Screening Tool	138
	Valvular Heart Disease	138
	Heart Failure	139
	Systemic Hypertension	140
	Pulmonary Hypertension and Congenital Heart Disease	140
	Refining Initial Risk Estimates: Risk Stratification Tests	141
	Approaches to Reducing Risk	142
	Risk Stratification in Cardiac Surgery	142
	Implications of Risk Assessment Strategies and Costs	144
	References	144
	8 Hemodynamic Monitoring in Patients with Acute Heart Failure --- J.-L.VINCENT AND R.HOLSTEN	147
	Introduction	147
	Hemodynamic Monitoring in Acute Heart Failure	148
	Invasive Monitoring	148
	Less-Invasive Hemodynamic Monitoring	151
	Integration into Clinical Practice	153
	References	154
	9 Electrocardiography of Heart Failure: Features and Arrhythmias --- J. L.ATLEE	157
	Heart Failure: Definitions and Perspectives	157
	Electrocardiographic Features of Heart Failure	159
	Left and Right At