| Foreword | 5 |
|---|
| Preface | 9 |
|---|
| Contents | 10 |
|---|
| List of Authors | 11 |
|---|
| I. Case Presentations: Clinical Data, Endoscopy, and Pathology | 14 |
|---|
| 1. Introduction | 15 |
| 2. Early Cancer of the Stomach (Cases 1–12) | 16 |
| 3. Early Cancer of the Colorectum (Cases 13–19) | 75 |
| 4. Superficial Carcinoma of the Esophagus (Cases 20–24) | 107 |
| 5. Comments on the Variability of the Diagnoses | 133 |
| II. Vienna Consensus Criteria for Pathological Diagnosis | 135 |
|---|
| 1. Introduction | 136 |
| 2. Basis for Discrepancies | 136 |
| 3. Which Approach is Correct—East or West? | 138 |
| 4. Utility of the Vienna Classification | 139 |
| 5. Limitations of the Vienna Classification | 139 |
| 6. Conclusion | 140 |
| III. Early Neoplasia in Barrett’s Esophagus | 142 |
|---|
| 1. Introduction | 143 |
| 2. How Histology Helps to Improve the Endoscopic Diagnosis of Early Neoplasia in Barrett’s Esophagus | 143 |
| 3. Endoscopic Findings in Early Neoplasia in Barrett’s Mucosa | 145 |
| 4. Histology of Early Neoplasia | 146 |
| 5. Differential Diagnosis Between Regenerative Changes and Low-Grade Dysplasia in Barrett’s Mucosa | 146 |
| 6. Differential Diagnosis Between Low-Grade and High-Grade Intraepithelial Neoplasia of Barrett’s Mucosa | 147 |
| 7. Differential Diagnosis Between High-Grade Intraepithelial Neoplasia and Adenocarcinoma in Barrett’s Mucosa | 147 |
| 8. Is Endoscopic Resection Adequate Treatment for Early Neoplasia of Barrett’s Mucosa? | 149 |
| 9. Results of Surgical Treatment of Early Neoplasia of Barrett’s Mucosa | 150 |
| 10. Different Endoscopic Resection Techniques | 150 |
| 11. Endoscopic Resection of Early Neoplasia in Barrett’s Esophagus | 151 |
| IV. Detection of Early Cancer: Is Endoscopic Ultrasonography Effective? | 157 |
|---|
| 1. Gastric Cancer | 158 |
| 1. Introduction | 158 |
| 2. Endoscopic Diagnosis | 158 |
| 3. Chromoscopy | 162 |
| 4. Pitfalls of Biopsy Diagnosis | 162 |
| 5. Magnifying Endoscopy | 163 |
| 6. Narrow Band Imaging | 163 |
| 7. Endoscopic Ultrasonography (EUS) | 163 |
| 2. Colorectal Cancer | 164 |
| 1. How to Detect Early Colorectal Cancer | 164 |
| 2. Significance of Endoscopic Ultrasonography (EUS) in the Management of Early Colorectal Cancers | 164 |
| 3. Practical Aspects of Penetration Depth Diagnosis by EUS | 165 |
| 3. Esophageal Cancer | 169 |
| 1. How to Detect Early Esophageal Cancer | 169 |
| 2. Endoscopic Ultrasonography (EUS) in Early Esophageal Cancer | 172 |
| 4. Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer in Europe | 175 |
| 1. Introduction | 175 |
| 2. Diagnosis | 175 |
| 3. Pathology | 176 |
| 4. EMR Methods | 176 |
| 5. Discussion | 176 |
| 5. New Trends in Endoscopic Ultrasonography | 179 |
| 1. Introduction | 179 |
| 2. How to Detect Early GI Carcinoma | 179 |
| 3. Is Endoscopic Ultrasonography (EUS) Effective? | 179 |
| 4. Magnifying Endoscopy | 180 |
| 5. Endoscopic Optical Coherence Tomography | 184 |
| 6. Diagnosis of Early GI Tract Carcinoma in the Future | 185 |
| V. Endoscopic Treatment | 187 |
|---|
| 1. Gastric Cancer | 188 |
| 1. Introduction | 188 |
| 2. Indication | 188 |
| 3. Choice of Procedure: Endoscopic Mucosal Resection | 188 |
| 4. Evaluation of the Procedure | 189 |
| 5. Results | 190 |
| 7. Extended Indications for Endoscopic Treatment | 190 |
| 8. Problems of Endoscopic Treatment | 190 |
| 9. Conclusion | 190 |
| 2. Colorectal Cancer | 192 |
| 1. Introduction | 192 |
| 2. Indications for Endoscopic Treatment | 192 |
| 3. Recognition of sm-Massive Cancers | 192 |
| 4. Colonic EMR | 193 |
| 5. Complications | 194 |
| 6. Indications for Additional Surgery after EMR | 195 |
| 7. Follow-Up after EMR | 195 |
| 8. Summary and Future Prospects | 195 |
| 3. Management of Colorectal Cancer by “Hot Biopsy” and Snare Resection | 197 |
| 1. Introduction | 197 |
| 2. “Hot Biopsy” for Colorectal Cancer | 197 |
| 3. Snare Resection for Colorectal Cancer | 198 |
| 4. Esophageal Cancer: Photodynamic Therapy | 202 | <