| Foreword | 6 |
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| Preface third edition | 9 |
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| Acknowledgments | 11 |
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| Contents | 13 |
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| Open Source software and GIS | 18 |
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| Open Source concept | 18 |
| GRASS as an Open Source GIS | 20 |
| The North Carolina sample data set | 22 |
| How to read this book | 22 |
| GIS concepts | 24 |
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| General GIS principles | 24 |
| Geospatial data models | 24 |
| Organization of GIS data and system functionality | 28 |
| Map projections and coordinate systems | 30 |
| Map projection principles | 30 |
| Common coordinate systems and datums | 33 |
| Getting started with GRASS | 37 |
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| First steps | 37 |
| Download and install GRASS | 37 |
| Database and command structure | 39 |
| Graphical User Interfaces for GRASS 6: QGIS and gis.m | 42 |
| Starting GRASS with the North Carolina data set | 43 |
| GRASS data display and 3D visualization | 46 |
| Project data management | 50 |
| Starting GRASS with a new project | 53 |
| Defining the coordinate system for a new project | 56 |
| Non-georeferenced xy coordinate system | 60 |
| Coordinate system transformations | 60 |
| Coordinate lists | 61 |
| Projection of raster and vector maps | 63 |
| Reprojecting with GDAL/OGR tools | 64 |
| GRASS data models and data exchange | 68 |
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| Raster data | 69 |
| GRASS 2D and 3D raster data models | 69 |
| Managing regions, raster map resolution and boundaries | 71 |
| Import of georeferenced raster data | 73 |
| Import and geocoding of a scanned historical map | 81 |
| Raster data export | 84 |
| Vector data | 85 |
| GRASS vector data model | 85 |
| Import of vector data | 88 |
| Coordinate transformation for xy CAD drawings | 93 |
| Export of vector data | 95 |
| Working with raster data | 98 |
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| Viewing and managing raster maps | 98 |
| Displaying raster data and assigning a color table | 98 |
| Managing metadata of raster maps | 101 |
| Raster map queries and profiles | 103 |
| Raster map statistics | 105 |
| Zooming and generating subsets from raster maps | 106 |
| Generating simple raster maps | 107 |
| Reclassification and rescaling of raster maps | 109 |
| Recoding of raster map types and value replacements | 112 |
| Assigning category labels | 114 |
| Masking and handling of no-data values | 118 |
| Raster map algebra | 120 |
| Integer and floating point data | 122 |
| Basic calculations | 123 |
| Working with ``if'' conditions | 124 |
| Handling of NULL values in r.mapcalc | 125 |
| Creating a MASK with r.mapcalc | 126 |
| Special graph operators | 127 |
| Neighborhood operations with relative coordinates | 128 |
| Raster data transformation and interpolation | 130 |
| Automated vectorization of discrete raster data | 130 |
| Generating isolines representing continuous fields | 133 |
| Resampling and interpolation of raster data | 134 |
| Overlaying and merging raster maps | 139 |
| Spatial analysis with raster data | 141 |
| Neighborhood analysis and cross-category statistics | 141 |
| Buffering of raster features | 148 |
| Cost surfaces | 150 |
| Terrain and watershed analysis | 155 |
| Landscape structure analysis | 168 |
| Landscape process modeling | 170 |
| Hydrologic and groundwater modeling | 170 |
| Erosion and deposition modeling | 173 |
| Final note on raster-based modeling and analysis | 181 |
| Working with voxel data | 181 |
| Working with vector data | 184 |
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| Map viewing and metadata management | 184 |
| Displaying vector maps | 184 |
| Vector map metadata maintenance | 187 |
| Vector map attribute management and SQL support | 188 |
| SQL support in GRASS 6 | 189 |
| Sample SQL queries and attribute modifications | 196 |
| Map reclassification | 200 |
| Vector map with multiple attribute tables: layers | 201 |
| Digitizing vector data | 202 |
| General principles for digitizing topological data | 202 |
| Interactive digitizing in GRASS | 204 |
| Vector map queries and statistics | 207 |
| Map queries | 207 |
| Raster map statistics based on vector objects | 209 |
| Point vector map statistics | 211 |
| Geometry operations | 211 |
| Topological operations | 212 |
| Buffering | 218 |
| Feature extraction and boundary dissolving | 219 |
| Patching vector maps | 220 |
| Intersecting and clipping vector maps | 221 |
| Transforming vector geometry and creating 3D vectors | 224 |
| Convex hull and triangulation from points | 226 |
| Find multiple points in same location | 227 |
| Length of common polygon boundaries | 229 |
| Vector network analysis | 231 |
| Network analysis | 231 |
| Linear reference system (LRS) | 236 |
| Vector data transformations to raster | 242 |
| Spatial interpolation and approximation | 245 |
| Selecting an interpolation method | 245 |
| Interpolation and approximation with RST | 250 |
| Tuning the RST parameters: tension and smoothing | 252 |
| Estimating RST accuracy | 256 |
| Segmented processing | 259 |
| Topographic analysis with RST | 262 |
| Working with lidar point cloud data | 264 |
| Volume based interpolation | 272 |
| Adding third variable: precipitation with elevation | 273 |
| Volume and volume-temporal interpolation | 276 |
| Geostatistics and splines | 27
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