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Planning Chinese Characters Reaction, Evolution or Revolution?

:	Shouhui Zhao, Richard B. Jr. Baldauf
:	Planning Chinese Characters Reaction, Evolution or Revolution?
:	Springer-Verlag
:	9780387485768
:	1
:	CHF 99.50
:

:	Allgemeine und Vergleichende Sprachwissenschaft
:	English

:	418
:	Wasserzeichen
:	PC/MAC/eReader/Tablet
:	PDF

This book presents the most comprehensive synthesis and analysis of major developments in reforming programs in modernizing the Chinese writing system. It traces the language policy and planning related developments for Chinese characters, with particular emphasis on post-1950 period in the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the more recent challenges that technology, and particularly the World Wide Web, have posed for the language.

	DEDICATION	6
	Contents	7
	Authors	9
	Abbreviations	11
	Preface	12
	Foreword	14
	PROLOGUE	19
	1. THE ORIGINS OF HANZI	19
	2. STRUCTURE EVOLUTION FROM PICTURES TO SYMBOLS	21
	2.1 Oracle Bone Inscription ( jiaguwen, jiaguwen, jiaguwen, jiaguwen, ).	22
	2.2 Bronze Inscription ( jinwen, jinwen, jinwen, )	23
	2.3 Small Seal Script4 (xiaozhuan, xiaozhuan, xiaozhuan, )	24
	2.4 Clerical Script ( lishu, lishu, lishu, )	25
	2.5 Square Script (kaishu, kaishu, kaishu, )	26
	2.6 Summary of Historical Development	27
	3. CHARACTERISTICS OF CHINESE HANZI	27
	3.1 Abstraction: From Pictogram and Ideogram to Phonogram	27
	3.2 Structural Complexity	30
	3.3 An Open-Ended Number of Characters	33
	3.4 Artistic Features: Writing Stylization, Print Fonts	35
	4. PROLOGUE SUMMARY	39
	Chapter 1 MAKING HANZI ACCESSIBLE	41
	1. INTRODUCTION	41
	2. HANZI UNIFICATION AND STANDARDIZATION IN DYNASTIC CHINA	42
	2.1 One State, One Script Qin Empire	43
	2.2 Subsequent Developments Prior to Modern China	44
	2.3 Standardization Summary	45
	3. THE FIRST SIMPLIFICATION SCHEME IN 1935	46
	3.1 Background Review	48
	3.2 Exploring Reasons for Failure: Cultural Continuity	49
	3.3 Implications for the Forthcoming Reforms	56
	3.4 Government vs Individuals	56
	3.5 Methodological Issues	58
	4. SIMPLIFICATION MOVEMENTS IN THE 1950s AND 1960s	59
	4.1 Dynamic Intervention from the State Organizational Change	59
	4.2 A Tentative Evaluation of the Table of Simplified Characters of 1956 Periodic Success	63
	5. SECOND SIMPLIFICATION SCHEME (SSS) ( 1977)	69
	5.1 Political Presence in Chinese Characters and Character Planning	70
	5.2 Formalization and Implementation	72
	5.3 Factors That Led to the Abandonment	82
	5.4 Summarizing the Second Simplification Scheme	86
	Chapter 2 REFLECTIONS ON NEW PERSPECTIVES	88
	The Opening Up of Chinese Society	88
	1. SCRIPT REFORM TRANSFORMED: REFLECTION AND RE- ORIENTATION	88
	1.1 Adjustment to Meet the Needs of a New Society NCLW ( 1986)	89
	1.2 Reflection on Past Experience	92
	2. SOCIO-POLITICAL ASPECTS OF THE TRANSFORMATION	107
	2.1 Chaotic Situation During Social Transition	107
	2.2 A Sociolinguistic Analysis of Character Use	110
	2.3 The Polemic (Debate) on hanzi s Future	113
	Chapter 3 NEW CHALLENGES FOR A DIGITAL SOCIETY	127
	1. INTRODUCTION	127
	2. DEALING WITH THE PROBLEMS OF A DIGITAL SOCIETY	128
	2.1 Chinese Character s Machine Applications	128
	2.2 Three Streams of Input Schemes	133
	3. INTERNET USE OF CHINESE CHARACTERS	143
	3.1 Some Technical Issues in Encoding and Decoding Chinese Characters	144
	3.2 Decoding Chinese Information on Web Pages	146
	3.3 E-mail Use on Non-Chinese Language Computers	148
	3.4 Summarizing the On-line Dilemma	150
	Chapter 4 STANDARDIZATION AS A SOLUTION	152
	Multiple Standards for Specific Purposes	152
	1. INTRODUCTION	152
	2. A NEW ROUND OF STANDARDIZATION: A SOCIOLINGUISTIC SOLUTION TO TECHNOLOGICAL IMPACT	154
	2.1 Tackling the Total Number of Chinese Characters	154
	2.2 Shape Developing a Higher Standard for Physical Uniformity	171
	2.3 Sound Reducing Pronunciation Variation	177
	2.4 Ordering Standardizing the Referencing Methods	183
	3. CURRENT STANDARDIZATION PROJECTS	189
	3.1 Systematic Optimization and Modification: CTSC	190
	3.2 Overhauling the Repertoire of Chinese Writing System: Corpus of Whole Chinese Characters	200
	4. TENTATIVE SUMMARY	204
	Chapter 5 INFLUENCING OUTCOMES	206
	Sociolinguistic Analysis of Non-Character-based Issues	206
	1. INTRODUCTION	206
	2. LINGUISTIC RESEARCH AND ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF LP	208
	2.1 New Functions for Pinyin and Putonghua	209
	2.2 Implications of Linguistics Science	211
	3. TECHNOLOGY AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AS A CATALYST	216
	3.3 The Outcome of Economic Development	218
	4. SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC FEATURES	223
	4.1 Widespread Literacy	223
	4.2 Awareness of Democracy	226
	4.3 Regionalism	227
	4.4 Down to Reality	229
	5. POLITICAL CLIMATE ACROSS THE TAIWAN STRAIT	230
	5.1 The Source of the Difference: Political Rift	230
	5.2 Stability and Unification: From Maintaining the Status Quo to Moving Closer	232
	5.3 Looking into the Fu